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Research progress on genetic improvement of

Chuanping YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 391-401 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017183

摘要： Suk. is one of the most widely distributed species of , the fourth most valuable timber species in north-eastern China and also a common tree species for landscaping. Over the past 30 years, effective progress has been made in genetic improvement and molecular breeding of . There has been extensive research on breeding techniques, including the collection and conservation of germplasm resources, provenance trials, intensive breeding techniques, crossbreeding and asexual propagation techniques, ploidy breeding and mutation breeding technology, genome sequencing, gene cloning, transgenic and molecular mechanisms of wood formation. A germplasm resource collection has been established by collecting different provenances, and full-sib and half-sib families. In addition, the geographic variation patterns of provenances have been revealed, and the provenance division and superior provenance selections made. flowering and seeding have been improved through intensive breeding techniques. Interspecific hybridization, intraspecific hybridization and parallel crosses were made using fine parents, and intensive seed orchards have been established. Systems of asexual propagation, including cuttings, grafting and tissue culture have been established. A tetraploid was successfully constructed and a triploid seed orchard established. The growth, wood property and resistance genes of have been cloned. An efficient transgenic system mediated by was established, and genes encoding insect resistance, drought resistance and salt tolerance, lignin synthesis, flowering, hormone transport and balance obtained. molecular markers were developed and the high density genetic map constructed. All this research has provided a model and data for the foundation of forest genetic improvement and applied research.

关键词： Betula platyphylla genetic improvement molecular breeding seed orchard

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Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock

Zachariah MCLEAN, Björn OBACK, Götz LAIBLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 148-160 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019305

摘要：

Selecting beneficial DNA variants is the main goal of animal breeding. However, this process is inherently inefficient because each animal only carries a fraction of all desirable variants. Genome editing technology with its ability to directly introduce beneficial sequence variants offers new opportunities to modernize animal breeding by overcoming this biological limitation and accelerating genetic gains. To realize rapid genetic gain, precise edits need to be introduced into genomically-selected embryos, which minimizes the genetic lag. However, embryo-mediated precision editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms is currently an inefficient process that often produces mosaic embryos and greatly limits the numbers of available edited embryos. This review provides a summary of genome editing in bovine embryos and proposes an embryo-mediated accelerated breeding scheme that overcomes the present efficiency limitations of HDR editing in bovine embryos. It integrates embryo-based genomic selection with precise multi-editing and uses embryonic cloning with elite edited blastomeres or embryonic pluripotent stem cells to resolve mosaicism, enable multiplex editing and multiply rare elite genotypes. Such a breeding strategy would enable a more targeted, accelerated approach for livestock improvement that allows stacking of beneficial variants, even including novel traits from outside the breeding population, in the most recent elite genetic background, essentially within a single generation.

关键词： animal breeding cattle cloning CRISPR/Cas9 cytoplasmic injection embryo genome editing germline chimaeras HDR livestock improvement TALENs

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Molecular regulation and genetic improvement of seed oil content in

Wei HUA,Jing LIU,Hanzhong WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 186-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016107

摘要： As an important oil crop and a potential bioenergy crop, L. is becoming a model plant for basic research on seed lipid biosynthesis as well as seed oil content, which has always been the key breeding objective. In this review, we present current progress in understanding of the regulation of oil content in , including genetics, biosynthesis pathway, transcriptional regulation, maternal effects and QTL analysis. Furthermore, the history of breeding for high oil content in is summarized and the progress in breeding ultra-high oil content lines is described. Finally, prospects for breeding high oil content cultivars are outlined.

关键词： breeding maternal effects oilseed rape QTL

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Development of a combined approach for improvement and optimization of karanja biodiesel using responsesurface methodology and genetic algorithm

Sunil DHINGRA, Gian BHUSHAN, Kashyap Kumar DUBEY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 495-505 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0267-5

摘要： This paper described the production of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA). The optimum combination of reaction variables were analyzed for maximizing the biodiesel yield. The yield obtained by the RSM was 65% whereas the predicted value was 70%. The mathematical regression model proposed from the RSM was coupled with the GA. By using this technique, 90% of the yield was obtained at a molar ratio of 38, a reaction time of 8 hours, a reaction temperature of 40 oC, a catalyst concentration of 2% oil, and a mixing speed of 707 r/min. The yield produced was closer to the predicted value of 94.2093%. Hence, 25% of the improvement in the biodiesel yield was reported. Moreover the different properties of karanja biodiesel were found closer to the American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) standard of biodiesel.

关键词： optimization of karanja biodiesel genetic algorithm (GA) response surface methodology (RSM) percentage improvement in the biodiesel yield properties of biodiesel

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Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT

Carlos GUZMÁN, Karim AMMAR, Velu GOVINDAN, Ravi SINGH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 265-272 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019260

摘要：

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is the global leader in publicly-funded maize and wheat research and in farming systems based on these crops. CIMMYT leads the Global Wheat Program (GWP), which includes some of the largest wheat breeding programs in the world. The GWP has been successful in developing wheat germplasm that is used extensively worldwide. Wheat quality improvement is a central component of all the breeding efforts at CIMMYT and the Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory represents an integral part of the breeding programs. Wheat quality is addressed at CIMMYT over the full range of this very wide and variable concept with milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality targeted. Wheat progenitors and advanced lines developed by the breeders are assessed for diverse quality attributes, with the aim of identifying those that fulfill the requirements in terms of milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality in different target regions. Significant research is conducted to make more efficient the integration of wheat quality traits in the breeding programs. The main topics being addressed are (1) methodologies to analyze grain quality traits, (2) genetic control and environmental effects on quality traits, (3) characterization of genetic resources for quality improvement, and (4) diversifying grain properties for novel uses.

关键词： biofortification breeding grain quality wheat

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退火-遗传算法寻优及其实现

王英

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第7期页码 57-59

摘要：

分析了遗传算法及退火算法的优缺点，提出用退火算法改进遗传算法局部的最优值搜索效率低问题。退火算法与遗传算法融合后，使算法在寻优结果上更加迅速精确。通过水泥的配比工程实例，与单纯的遗传算法的结果进行对比，说明该方法是有效的。

关键词：遗传算法退火算法遗传算法改进

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作物遗传改良——农业可持续发展的保证

万建民

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 431-432 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.019

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遗传算法的改进及其在水库优化调度中的应用研究

钟登华,熊开智,成立芹

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第9期页码 22-26

摘要：

遗传算法是通过对样本中个体的不断改进来寻找各类问题的最优解。由于标准遗传算法（SGA）存在收敛性及个体适应度求解方面的困难，在研究中，通过对SGA中遗传算子改进，特别是对选择算子的改进，提出了一种改进遗传算法（AGA），并将它应用于水库优化调度中。改变通常以水位变化序列为基础的遗传算法编码方案，通过数组存储水库库容状态，并以各库容状态对应的数组下标为基础进行遗传算法编码，通过实例，表明AGA对水库优化调度问题具有良好的适应性，同时结合数组存储理论的遗传算法编码方法简化了水库优化调度遗传算法的实现过程。

关键词：遗传算法改进水库优化调度

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Base editing in pigs for precision breeding

Ruigao SONG, Yu WANG, Yanfang WANG, Jianguo ZHAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019308

摘要：

Pigs are one of the most important domesticated animals and have great value in agriculture and biomedicine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a dominant type of genetic variation among individual pigs and contribute to the formation of traits. Precision single base substitution provides a strategy for accurate genetic improvement in pig production with the characterization of functional SNPs and genetic variants in pigs. Base editing has recently been developed as the latest gene-editing tool that can directly make changes in single nucleotides without introducing double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), providing a promising solution for precise genetic modification in large animals. This review summarizes gene-editing developments and highlights recent genetic dissection related to SNPs in major economic traits which may have the potential to be modified using SNP-editing applications. In addition, limitations and future directions of base editing in pig breeding are discussed.

关键词： base editing genetic improvement pigs single nucleotide polymorphisms

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Exploring differentiated improvement strategies of cultivated land quality in China

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023523

摘要：

● Cultivated land quality can be considered in four dimensions: suitability, contiguity, resistance, and ecological stress.

关键词： China cultivated land quality differentiated improvement food security

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发展我国大豆遗传改良事业解决国内大豆供给问题

盖钧镒

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第5期页码 1-6

摘要：

文章从近年我国大豆生产状况及进口大豆增长速率提出我国面临的大豆供给问题，从大豆在国人营养的历史地位和现代加工利用地位论证了保障供给的必要性，指出只有立足本国生产适当进口调济，才能真正保障供给。提出发展我国大豆生产的五方面措施，并就发展我国大豆遗传改良这个最重要的技术方面，提出了建立并完善我国大豆育种研究体系；围绕大豆遗传改良建设多学科相互交叉渗透的研究队伍和研究氛围；对高产材料与高产理想型的塑造、杂种种子生产与杂种优势利用、重要品质性状指标的突破等关键问题组织协同攻关，突破一点带动全面；发展我国大豆基因组学研究，促进大豆育种技术革新等4点建议。

关键词：豆生产保障供给进口调控发展措施遗传改良

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A review of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment

Feng YANG, Manman WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 27-46 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0092-6

摘要： The era of big data brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges to management research. As one of the important functions of management decision-making, evaluation has been given more functions and application space. Exploring the applicable evaluation methods in the big data environment has become an important subject of research. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and discussion of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment. We first review the evaluation methods based on the main analytic techniques of big data such as data mining, statistical methods, optimization and simulation, and deep learning. Focused on the characteristics of big data (association feature, data loss, data noise, and visualization), the relevant evaluation methods are given. Furthermore, we explore the systematic improvement studies and application fields. Finally, we analyze the new application areas of evaluation methods and give the future directions of evaluation method research in a big data environment from six aspects. We hope our research could provide meaningful insights for subsequent research.

关键词： big data evaluation methods systematic improvement big data analytic techniques data mining

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Quality and efficiency improvement technology for five megawatt offshore wind turbines and its application

Huali HAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 618-621 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0142-0

关键词： renewable energy megawatt offshore wind turbine technology-driven quality improvement

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Machine learning modeling identifies hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subtypes with genetic signature

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 768-780 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0982-1

摘要： Previous studies have revealed that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exhibit differences in symptom severity and prognosis, indicating potential HCM subtypes among these patients. Here, 793 patients with HCM were recruited at an average follow-up of 32.78 ± 27.58 months to identify potential HCM subtypes by performing consensus clustering on the basis of their echocardiography features. Furthermore, we proposed a systematic method for illustrating the relationship between the phenotype and genotype of each HCM subtype by using machine learning modeling and interactome network detection techniques based on whole-exome sequencing data. Another independent cohort that consisted of 414 patients with HCM was recruited to replicate the findings. Consequently, two subtypes characterized by different clinical outcomes were identified in HCM. Patients with subtype 2 presented asymmetric septal hypertrophy associated with a stable course, while those with subtype 1 displayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction and aggressive progression. Machine learning modeling based on personal whole-exome data identified 46 genes with mutation burden that could accurately predict subtype propensities. Furthermore, the patients in another cohort predicted as subtype 1 by the 46-gene model presented increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. By employing echocardiography and genetic screening for the 46 genes, HCM can be classified into two subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes.

关键词： machine learning methods hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genetic risk

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Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits

Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 601-607 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0648-6

摘要：

The incidence of obesity has been rapidly increasing, and this condition has become a major public health threat. A substantial shift in environmental factors and lifestyle, such as unhealthy diet, is among the major driving forces of the global obesity pandemic. Longitudinal studies and randomized intervention trials have shown that genetic susceptibility to obesity may interact with dietary factors in relation to the body mass index and risk of obesity. This review summarized data from recent longitudinal studies and intervention studies on variations and diets and discussed the challenges and future prospects related to this area and public health implications.

关键词： diet genetic susceptibility obesity interaction