This year marks the 60th anniversary of the invention of the laser machine. With its rapid development over the past 60 years, the laser, nicknamed “the sharpest knife,” “the most accurate ruler,” and “the brightest light,” has been ranked alongside other influential technological inventions in the 20th century, namely, atomic energy, semiconductors, and computers. Recognizing the overarching and critical role of laser science, technologies, and applications, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched a major consulting and research project titled Strategic Studies on Developing China’s Laser Technologies and Applications by 2035. The project, in line with China’s National 2035 Development Goals, covers (1) the current status and gaps in China’s laser technologies and industrial development; (2) recommendations on development goals, essential tasks, and policy measures; and (3) key inputs for the government to make informed decisions and promote industrial development for China’s national strategies related to the laser. This special issue brings together the leading research results of the project, Strategic Studies on Developing China’s Laser Technologies and Applications by 2035. The image on the cover shows a diagram depicting the preparation of optical quantum-computing chips with “femtosecond laser direct writing” technology.