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生物检测及分子诊断高端装备的研制及应用

彭年才,李磊,李政,苗保刚,李明,赵垚,蒋庄德

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第1期页码 57-62

摘要：

以生物检测与分子诊断技术发展为背景，总结了团队在医学诊断、疾控、食品安全、检疫检验、生物学医学科学研究等领域的分子诊断高端装备的研制情况，重点介绍了实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）分子诊断仪关键技术的研发及仪器工程化技术、检测性能的验证和在社会发展重点领域中的成功应用，手持式腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸（ATP）生物发光法细菌快速检测仪的研发与应用，以及后续的全自动核酸定量检测与高分辨分析设备研制。

关键词：生物检测分子诊断实时荧光定量PCR ATP荧光检测

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Bacterial inactivation, DNA damage, and faster ATP degradation induced by ultraviolet disinfection

Chao Yang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1192-6

摘要： • Long amplicon is more effective to test DNA damage induced by UV. • ATP in bacteria does not degrade instantly but does eventually after UV exposure. • After medium pressure UV exposure, ATP degraded faster. The efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection has been validated in numerous studies by using culture-based methods. However, the discovery of viable but non-culturable bacteria has necessitated the investigation of UV disinfection based on bacterial viability parameters. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate DNA damage and evaluated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to indicate bacterial viability. The results of qPCR effectively showed the DNA damage induced by UV when using longer gene amplicons, in that sufficiently long amplicons of both 16S and gadA indicated that the UV induced DNA damages. The copy concentrations of the long amplicons of 16S and gadA decreased by 2.38 log/mL and 1.88 log/mL, respectively, after exposure to 40 mJ/cm2 low-pressure UV. After UV exposure, the ATP level in the bacteria did not decrease instantly. Instead it decreased gradually at a rate that was positively related to the UV fluence. For low-pressure UV, this rate of decrease was slow, but for medium pressure UV, this rate of decrease was relatively high when the UV fluence reached 40 mJ/cm2. At the same UV fluence, the ATP level in the bacteria decreased at a faster rate after exposure to medium-pressure UV.

关键词： UV disinfection DNA damage qPCR ATP

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Clinical outcomes of ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay directed chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

RAO Rongsheng, CHEN Wenxue, ZHOU Xinwen, ZHOU Zheng, LI Xiaojun, ZENG Zhiping

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 157-160 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0029-z

摘要： This study aims to investigate the clinical response of ATP tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) directed chemotherapy regimens delivered via hepatic artery infusion in 104 cases of primary liver carcinoma (PLC). Tumor tissue was obtained via laparotomy and cultivated in vitro. This tissue was put through the assay to determine chemosensitivity. A single drug regimen of either 5-FU, MMC and ADM and a combination drug regimen were used. The treatment assigned was dependent on the result of the ATP-TCA. In the control group, 30 cases of diagnosed PLC were given the conventional three-combination drug. The two groups were evaluated after three courses of chemotherapy. The results are as follows. The overall response rate of sensitivity test ranged from 36% to 44% in the single drug therapy groups and 81% in the combination drug group. The clinical overall response rate was 75% in the treatment group and 56% in control group. The treatment group had better results than the control group as survival period over six months was 80% and over one year 44%. In the control group, survival period over six months was 60% and 30% over one year. In short, ATP-TCA directed chemotherapy shows better results for terminal stages of PLC in that you can decrease the dose of drugs thereby reducing the side-effects with possible improvements in therapeutic effects.

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Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 372-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0862-5

摘要： Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes through the induction of insulin resistance. The mechanism of insulin resistance has been extensively investigated for more than 60 years, but the essential pathogenic signal remains missing. Existing hypotheses include inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Drug discoveries based on these hypotheses are unsuccessful in the development of new medicines. In this review, multidisciplinary literature is integrated to evaluate ATP as a primary signal for insulin resistance. The ATP production is elevated in insulin-sensitive cells under obese conditions independent of energy demand, which we have named “mitochondrial overheating.” Overheating occurs because of substrate oversupply to mitochondria, leading to extra ATP production. The ATP overproduction contributes to the systemic insulin resistance through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of AMPK, induction of mTOR, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Insulin resistance represents a feedback regulation of energy oversupply in cells to control mitochondrial overloading by substrates. Insulin resistance cuts down the substrate uptake to attenuate mitochondrial overloading. The downregulation of the mitochondrial overloading by medicines, bypass surgeries, calorie restriction, and physical exercise leads to insulin sensitization in patients. Therefore, ATP may represent the primary signal of insulin resistance in the cellular protective response to the substrate oversupply. The prevention of ATP overproduction represents a key strategy for insulin sensitization.

关键词： type 2 diabetes energy expenditure mitochondria hyperinsulinemia hyperglucagonemia AMPK

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4Pi荧光超分辨显微术综述 Review

郝翔, 李依明, 傅爽, 李旸晖, 许迎科, 匡翠方, 刘旭

《工程（英文）》 2022年第11卷第4期页码 146-153 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.028

摘要：

自20 世纪90 年代以来，持续的科技进步突破了光学显微镜的衍射极限，使三维超分辨显微成像技术得以实现。回顾这些历程，一个重要的里程碑是基于两个对置物镜的4Pi 显微架构及其超分辨版本的出现。鉴于此，本文综述了4Pi 超分辨显微术的近期进展。总体上，4Pi 超分辨显微镜为透明样品观测提供了一
种能够突破衍射极限、非侵入、各向同性的三维分辨率的技术手段。具体而言，本文针对目标开关和随机开关两个主要4Pi 超分辨显微术版本，讨论了它们的架构、原理、应用和未来发展趋势。

关键词：荧光超分辨显微术超分辨成像 4Pi超分辨显微术 isoSTED 4Pi-SMLM

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荧光显纳镜在神经科学中的应用 Review

王杨云逗, 林剑, 张启明, 陈希, 栾海涛, 顾敏

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 29-38 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.010

摘要：

荧光显纳技术提供了克服光学显微镜中衍射极限分辨率障碍的成像技术，从而开辟了生物医学成像研究领域（尤其在神经科学领域）。本文回顾了最重要的荧光显纳技术，包括描述了该技术在阐明蛋白质结构和流动性、神经活动过程中涉及突触参数的实时测定、三维成像和纳米级神经活动跟踪等方面的应用。最后，讨论了荧光显纳镜的前景，特别关注该技术在神经科学中与相关技术（如机器学习）的结合。

关键词：荧光成像衍射极限纳米级分辨率神经科学

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Bavachin enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by ATP or nigericin and causes idiosyncratic

Nan Qin, Guang Xu, Yan Wang, Xiaoyan Zhan, Yuan Gao, Zhilei Wang, Shubin Fu, Wei Shi, Xiaorong Hou, Chunyu Wang, Ruisheng Li, Yan Liu, Jiabo Wang, Haiping Zhao, Xiaohe Xiao, Zhaofang Bai

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 594-607 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0809-2

摘要： Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine in China, and it is widely used for osteoporosis, vitiligo, and other diseases in clinical settings. However, liver injury caused by PF and its preparations has been frequently reported in recent years. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PF could cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI), but the mechanism underlying its hepatotoxicity remains unclear. This paper reports that bavachin isolated from PF enhances the specific stimuli-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and leads to hepatotoxicity. Bavachin boosts the secretion of IL-1β and caspase-1 caused by ATP or nigericin but not those induced by poly(I:C), monosodium urate crystal, or intracellular lipopolysaccharide. Bavachin does not affect AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, bavachin specifically increases the production of nigericin-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species among the most important upstream events in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bavachin increases the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in serum and hepatocyte injury accompanied by the secretion of IL-1β via a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-mediated susceptibility to IDILI. These results suggest that bavachin specifically enhances the ATP- or nigericin-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bavachin also potentially contributes to PF-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Moreover, bavachin and PF should be evaded among patients with diseases linked to the ATP- or nigericin-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be a dangerous factor for liver injury.

关键词： Psoraleae Fructus bavachin idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury caspase-1 IL-1β NLRP3 inflammasome

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全光谱 LED 照明用荧光粉发展现状及趋势

陈晓霞,张霞 ,刘荣辉,刘元红,周裔朋,庄卫东

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第2期页码 71-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.02.011

摘要：本文对全光谱 LED 用关键材料——荧光粉进行了详细分析，对比了每种体系的发光性能并给出了各类型的代表材料，重点阐述了紫光–近紫外光激发的多种颜色荧光粉的优劣势、研究进展以及实际应用情况目前可供全光谱使用的紫光–近紫外光激发的荧光粉存在蓝粉和青粉普遍发射光谱窄、光效偏低和热稳定性较差，黄粉及远红光荧光粉对紫光或近紫外光的吸收较低导致发光效率不佳，单一基质白光荧光粉的红光发射不足等问题，其中发光光效和热稳定性仍然是制约各类荧光粉应用的关键因素。研究提出，可重点突破适合紫光–近紫光激发高光效和高热稳定性的宽谱蓝粉、青粉、黄绿粉、黄粉、长波红粉以及单一基质白光荧光粉的制备和应用技术，开发与现有应用产品体系相匹配的高效及连续化制备技术，

关键词：全光谱LED 高品质照明紫光芯片荧光粉

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机械化学法辅助荧光体浸出——稀土回收绿色工程法 Article

Steff Van Loy, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第3期页码 398-405 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.015

摘要：本研究比较了从绿灯荧光体LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+回收稀土元素的两种机制：在湿法冶金酸浸工艺前与溶剂冶金机械化学浸出工艺前的机械活化机制。其结果是简单、高效的工艺提供了更加绿色的荧光体废物回收替代途经。

关键词：机械化学稀土元素荧光体废物球磨研磨溶剂冶金

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声学综合无损检测技术

陈积懋

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 64-69

摘要：

论述了检测复合材料和胶接结构不连续（缺陷）的新型多模综合无损检测技术。该技术以声与超声检测技术为基础，包含五种不同检测模式，用以检测复合材料与胶接结构的失粘、脱粘、分层、疏松、夹芯压皱及其他缺陷。它适用于复合材料与构件的制造、维修和使用现场。它的检测可靠性高，重复精度好。文章还讨论了组成多膜声学综合胶接检测仪的五种不同检测模式的原理，并从我们和国内外同行的大量实践经验出发，说明了综合无损检测技术的巨大发展前景。

关键词：声学综合检测综合无损检测复合材料无损检测机械阻抗分析振动分析共振检测

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无损检测技术评估和检测道路性能

郭成超,许朋飞,钟燕辉

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第6期页码 72-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.011

摘要：根据美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）路面状况评价标准，本文介绍了五种道路无损检测技术和设备：落锤式弯沉仪、探地雷达、宏观构造深度、国际平整度指数和面波的频谱分析，并分别介绍了每种检测技术的工作原理和运用方法运用这几种检测方法将会在不封闭交通的情况下加快评估速度，并为搭建一个高效、智能的路网监测系统提供技术支持，为道路的可持续发展、资金的高效利用提供切实可行的方法。

关键词：道路检测道路病害无损检测

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采用硅光电倍增管阵列扩展探测实现非线性荧光显微技术中散射光子探测信号的增强 Research Articles

施汝恒1,靳程1,刘驰1,孔令杰1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第10期页码 1289-1298 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000410

摘要：为提高非线性荧光显微技术在活体成像中的信号探测能力，人们常采用基于非退扫描的背向探测策略。然而，由于生物样本中存在严重散射，物镜前孔径处大部分荧光光子辐射角度超出物镜收集角范围，因而无法被探测。通过数值仿真说明了扩展探测在对人体皮肤和小鼠大脑（透过颅窗及完整颅骨）进行多光子荧光成像的信号增强情况。本文论证了扩展探测是一种灵活、广泛适用于非线性荧光显微镜增强探测信号的技术。

关键词：扩展背向探测；增强探测；非线性荧光显微镜；硅光电倍增管阵列

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荧光碳点的快速宏量制备及多功能应用 Article

王丹,王志勇,詹求强,蒲源,王洁欣,Neil R. Foster,戴黎明

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第3期页码 402-408 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.014

摘要：

荧光纳米材料在化学传感、生物成像及光电器件等领域具有重要应用前景，其合成方法的研究得到广泛关注。我们采用柠檬酸和乙二胺作为原料，在150 ℃、常压的相对温和条件下，通过“一锅法”反应制备了氮掺杂荧光碳点。所得荧光碳点光学带隙为3.4 eV，在单光子或双光子激发下呈现出明亮的荧光，且荧光发射波长稳定(λ = 450 nm)。基于荧光碳点低细胞毒性和长荧光寿命的优势，实现了荧光碳点作为离体肿瘤细胞(HeLa 细胞) 标记和荧光寿命成像探针的应用，获得了高对比度的荧光寿命成像结果。通过将所得荧光碳点与普通油墨混合制备均匀分散的荧光墨水，可用于普通纸张及其他基材( 如柔性塑料薄膜、纺织品、衣服) 的荧光图案化，为固态荧光传感、荧光防伪标记和可穿戴光电子设备应用研究提供了基础。

关键词：宏量碳点双光子荧光寿命成像图案化

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可拓检测技术

余永权

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第4期页码 88-94

摘要：

检测技术是目前多种学科的关键技术，检测中有两个难题：一个是无法检测的问题，另一个是检测精度提高的问题。基于可拓学矛盾转化的思想方法，提出了一种与传统检测技术不同的新技术--可拓检测，这种检测技术利用可拓学的物元概念及相关方法，从矛盾转化去研究检测技术，以解决无法检测的物理量检测问题。文章给出了可拓检测的有关概念，基本原理及结构，并且提出了有关的实施方法和应用实例。

关键词：可拓检测可拓学物元变换

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可拓检测的方案生成

余永权,张吉文

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第1期页码 64-68

摘要：

以可拓学理论为基础，论述了可拓检测的有关定义和概念，提出了可拓检测的方案生成方法及过程，同时探讨了检测方法的优化和评价方法。

关键词：检测物元检测元拓集可拓树

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标题作者时间类型操作

生物检测及分子诊断高端装备的研制及应用

彭年才,李磊,李政,苗保刚,李明,赵垚,蒋庄德

期刊论文

Bacterial inactivation, DNA damage, and faster ATP degradation induced by ultraviolet disinfection

Chao Yang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

期刊论文

Clinical outcomes of ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay directed chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

RAO Rongsheng, CHEN Wenxue, ZHOU Xinwen, ZHOU Zheng, LI Xiaojun, ZENG Zhiping

期刊论文

Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP

期刊论文

4Pi荧光超分辨显微术综述

郝翔, 李依明, 傅爽, 李旸晖, 许迎科, 匡翠方, 刘旭

期刊论文

荧光显纳镜在神经科学中的应用

王杨云逗, 林剑, 张启明, 陈希, 栾海涛, 顾敏

期刊论文

Bavachin enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by ATP or nigericin and causes idiosyncratic

Nan Qin, Guang Xu, Yan Wang, Xiaoyan Zhan, Yuan Gao, Zhilei Wang, Shubin Fu, Wei Shi, Xiaorong Hou, Chunyu Wang, Ruisheng Li, Yan Liu, Jiabo Wang, Haiping Zhao, Xiaohe Xiao, Zhaofang Bai

期刊论文

全光谱 LED 照明用荧光粉发展现状及趋势

陈晓霞,张霞 ,刘荣辉,刘元红,周裔朋,庄卫东

期刊论文

机械化学法辅助荧光体浸出——稀土回收绿色工程法

Steff Van Loy, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven

期刊论文

声学综合无损检测技术

陈积懋

期刊论文

无损检测技术评估和检测道路性能

郭成超,许朋飞,钟燕辉