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Determination and occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish

Yong YU,Laosheng WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 475-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0640-6

摘要： Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted much attention due to widespread contamination in aquatic environment. In this study, we determined 13 EDCs and PPCPs in fish blood, bile and muscle by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.23–2.54, 0.22–2.36 ng·mL , and 0.24–2.57 ng·g dry weight (dw) for fish blood, bile and muscle, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked into sample matrices and passed through the entire analytical procedure ranged from 65% to 95%, from 60% to 92% and from 62% to 91% for blood, bile and muscle, respectively. The methods were applied to the analysis of fish from a lake in California. Target compounds were relatively low in bile, and only bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac were measurable near the LOQ. Seven of 13 compounds were detected in blood, with total concentrations up to 39 ng·mL . Only BPA was frequently found in muscle, with mean concentration of 7.26 ng·g dw. The estimated daily intake of BPA through fish consumption for U.S. resident was significantly lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. This study showed that the exposure to the bisphenol A from fish diet is unlikely to pose a health risk.

关键词： endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) fish bisphenol A (BPA) risk assessment

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海洋鱼类资源的可持续利用和海洋鱼类科学技术的研究方向

林浩然

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 27-30

摘要：

积极实施海洋鱼类的增殖与养殖是海洋鱼类资源合理开发和可持续利用的基本措施和有效途径。因此，建立和提高海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的新技术，是近年来海洋生物技术的重要研究领域之一。海洋鱼类的生殖内分泌生理学、生长与发育生物学、免疫学、分子生物学等是海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的理论基础；系统深入地开展这些学科的基础研究和应用基础研究，成为当前海洋鱼类科学技术的前沿和主要发展方向。

关键词：海洋鱼类资源可持续利用海洋鱼类增殖和养殖海洋鱼类科学技术海洋生物技术

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Effects of riparian land use on water quality and fish communities in the headwater stream of the Taizi

Sen DING, Yuan ZHANG, Bin LIU, Weijing KONG, Wei MENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 699-708 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0528-x

摘要： Riparian land use remains one of the most significant impacts on stream ecosystems. This study focuses on the relationship between stream ecosystems and riparian land use in headwater regions. Four riparian land types including forest, grassland, farmland, and residential land were examined to reveal the correlation between stream water and fish communities in headwater streams of the Taizi River in north-eastern China. Four land types along riparian of 3 km in length were evaluated at 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 m widths, respectively. Generally, the results found a significant relationship between riparian land uses and stream water quality. Grassland was positively correlated with water quality parameters (conductivity and total dissolved solids) at scales from 100 to 500 m riparian width. Farmland and residential land was negatively correlated with water quality parameters at scales from 25 to 500 m and from 50 to 200 m riparian widths, respectively. Although the riparian forest is important for maintaining habitat diversity and fish communities, the results found that only fish communities were significantly correlated with the proportion of riparian farmland. Farmland had a positive correlation with individual fish abundance within a riparian corridor of 25 to 50 m, but a negative correlation with fish diversity metrics from 25 to 100 m. This study indicates that effective riparian management can improve water quality and fish communities in headwater streams.

关键词： fish water quality land use riparian buffer headwater stream

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Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 518-523 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6

摘要： This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline to the key fish species, . A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of -nitrotoluene was greater than that of -nitroaniline based on 96 h values of 40.74 mg·L and 48.99 mg·L , respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward , and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and concentration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

关键词： joint toxicity Cyprinus carpio LC₅₀ p-nitrotoluene p-nitroaniline toxic unit

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Simultaneous quantification of several classes of antibiotics in water, sediments, and fish muscles by

WEI Yimei,ZHANG Yuan,XU Jian,GUO Changsheng,LI Lei,FAN Wenhong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 357-371 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0580-6

摘要： Precise and sensitive methods for the simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics, including sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim in surface water, sediments, and fish muscles were developed. In water samples, drugs were extracted with solid-phase extraction (SPE) by passing 1000 mL of water through hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) SPE cartridges. Sediment samples were solvent-extracted, followed by tandem SPE (strong anion exchange (SAX) + HLB) clean-ups. Fish muscles were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile and citric buffer (80:20, v/v) solution, and cleaned by SPE. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection was employed to quantify all compounds. The recoveries for the antibiotics in the spiked water, sediment, and fish samples were 60.2%–95.8%, 48.1%–105.3%, and 59.8%–103.4%, respectively. The methods were applied to samples taken from Dianchi Lake, China. It showed that concentrations of the detected antibiotics ranged from limits of quantification (LOQ) to 713.6 ng·L (ofloxacin) in surface water and from less than LOQ to 344.8 μg·kg (sulphamethoxazole) in sediments. The number of detected antibiotics and the overall antibiotic concentrations were higher in the urban area than the rural area, indicating the probable role of livestock and human activities as important sources of antibiotic contamination. In fish muscles, the concentration of norfloxacin was the highest (up to 38.5 μg·kg ), but tetracyclines and macrolides were relatively low. Results showed that the methods were rapid and sensitive, and capable of determining several classes of antibiotics from each of the water, sediment, and fish matrices in a single run.

关键词： antibiotics liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) water sediment fish muscle

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鱼类友好型水轮机设计研究综述

杨春霞,郑源,张玉全,罗红英

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 96-101 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.014

摘要：

当鱼类资源通过常规水轮机时会不可避免地受到损伤。受伤和死亡的鱼类会对水域造成污染，从而制约了水电工程的生态发展。针对鱼类下行过坝的措施及存在的问题，笔者介绍了鱼类通过水轮机流道下行时可能受到的伤害机理，主要分为机械、压力、剪切力和空蚀四种。鱼体的损伤程度与鱼体的种类、尺寸、进入水轮机系统的方式等因素有关。本文根据过鱼损伤机理，提出目前鱼类友好型水轮机设计的主要思路，阐述了传统的水轮机进行鱼类友好设计的准则和典型的鱼类友好型水轮机的设计理念。

关键词：鱼类友好型水轮机鱼体损伤机理水动力设计优化

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养殖密度对鱼类福利影响研究进展

刘宝良,雷霁霖,贾睿,刘滨

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第9期页码 100-105

摘要：

水产养殖密度是现代集约化养殖生产过程中十分重要的生产管理要素，不合理的养殖密度易使鱼类长期处于应激胁迫之中，从而影响到鱼类福利水平，增大养殖管理风险。目前国际上对鱼类福利养殖的密度问题十分重视并广泛开展研究。本文将重点阐述鱼类表观现象，如生长状况、健康状态、应激反应和行为特征等指示因子，对养殖鱼类福利进行密度评估，以探讨最佳养殖密度和向生产者提供有实际参考意义的技术理论。

关键词：养殖密度鱼类福利集约化养殖生长健康状态应激反应

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面向CPG驱动的仿生机器鱼容错控制方法 Article

杨越麒, 王健, 吴正兴, 喻俊志

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第6期页码 861-868 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.011

摘要：

容错性能对于自推进仿生机器鱼在实际水下应用中的可操作性和生存能力至关重要。本文探讨了具有多个可活动关节和一个被卡住尾部关节的自由游动机器鱼的容错控制问题。提出的控制系统主要由两个部分组成：反馈控制器和前馈补偿器。具体而言，一方面，设计了基于生物启发中心模式发生器的反馈控制器用于使机器鱼对外部干扰具有鲁棒性；另一方面，引入了基于动力学模型的前馈补偿器来加速整个控制系统的收敛。在此基础上，开展了仿真实验来完成控制系统分析和故障机器鱼游动性能验证。最后，水下实验表明，所提出的容错控制方法能够有效调整故障机器鱼，使其能够在故障情况下完成所需运动，进而提高实际机器鱼系统的稳定性和寿命。

关键词：容错控制机器鱼运动控制反馈控制器前馈补偿器

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System-level Pareto frontiers for on-chip thermoelectric coolers

FISH, Zhi YANG, Nicholas BALDASARO, Philip BARLETTA, Avram BAR-COHEN, Bao YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 109-120 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0540-8

摘要： The continuous rise in heat dissipation of integrated circuits necessitates advanced thermal solutions to ensure system reliability and efficiency. Thermoelectric coolers are among the most promising techniques for dealing with localized on-chip hot spots. This study focuses on establishing a holistic optimization methodology for such thermoelectric coolers, in which a thermoelectric element’s thickness and the electrical current are optimized to minimize source temperature with respect to ambient, when the thermal and electrical parasitic effects are considered. It is found that when element thickness and electrical current are optimized for a given system architecture, a “heat flux vs. temperature difference” Pareto frontier curve is obtained, indicating that there is an optimum thickness and a corresponding optimum current that maximize the achievable temperature reduction while removing a particular heat flux. This methodology also provides the possible system level Δ ’s that can be achieved for a range of heat fluxes, defining the upper limits of thermoelectric cooling for that architecture. In this study, use was made of an extensive analytical model, which was verified using commercially available finite element analysis software. Through the optimization process, 3 pairs of master curves were generated, which were then used to compose the Pareto frontier for any given system architecture. Finally, a case study was performed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization procedure for an example application.

关键词： thermoelectric cooling thermal management optimization high flux electronics

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疫苗：我国海水鱼类养殖业向工业化转型的重要支撑

马悦,张元兴,雷霁霖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第9期页码 4-9

摘要：

国际上水产养殖发达国家和地区的成功产业实践证实，接种疫苗在规模化、集约化的海水鱼类工业化进程中扮演着重要角色。疫苗的广泛应用为大幅度减少抗生素等化学药物的使用起到显著效应，为海水养殖业的健康和可持续发展发挥着关键性的产业支撑作用。中国作为世界上产量遥遥领先的水产养殖大国，以鱼类为代表的海水养殖业正在向工业化转型升级，而日益严重的病害和水产品安全问题正成为我国海水鱼类养殖业获得更大发展的制约性障碍之一。随着国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系为代表的海水鱼类疫苗的研究和商业化开发所取得的不断突破，我国海水鱼类养殖业的病害防治策略正在朝着以疫苗接种为核心的产业方向快速迈进。

关键词：海水鱼类养殖国内外现状工业化转型病害防治疫苗发展趋势

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基于脱细胞后鱼皮细胞外基质的生物打印水凝胶纺织品用于创面修复 Article

林祥, 张涵, 张慧, 张倬豪, 陈国璞, 赵远锦

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 120-127 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.022

摘要：

创面修复具有普遍性、治疗困难、患者众多和医疗负担沉重的特点，一直是临床研究的热点。为了满足特定需求，研究者投入了大量科研力量，致力于开发各种个性化需求和功能的伤口敷料。在这方面，我们提出了一种基于鱼皮脱细胞的细胞外基质（dECM）水凝胶纺织品用于创面修复。鱼源的dECM具有理想的生物相容性，并且通过生物打印技术制备的纺织品在细胞黏附和增殖方面表现出卓越的性能。此外，基于dECM的水凝胶纺织品采用生物打印技术生成，因此具有可调节的多孔结构，使整个纺织品具备良好的透气性。而且，水凝胶骨架上的多孔结构高比表面积使其能够负载多种活性分子，从而提高创面愈合效果。通过体内研究结果，我们证明了这种制备的纺织品负载活性药物分子姜黄素（Cur）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）能够显著加速慢性创面的修复过程。这些结果表明鱼皮dECM纺织品在创面修复和生物医学工程领域具有潜在的价值。

关键词：生物打印鱼皮细胞外基质水凝胶创面修复

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鱼类肠道菌群研究进展及潜在应用 Review

栾银银, 黎明, 周伟, 药园园, 杨雅麟, 张震, Einar Ringø, Rolf Erik Olsen, Jihong Liu Clarke, 解绶启, 麦康森, 冉超, 周志刚

《工程（英文）》 2023年第29卷第10期页码 137-146 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.011

摘要：

肠道菌群在宿主健康和疾病中起着重要作用。我们对鱼类菌群的理解远落后于人类和其他哺乳动物。尽管如此，现有研究也强调了微生物对鱼类的健康、生长性能和各种生理功能中的重要性。目前，模式动物、经济鱼类和野生鱼类中都展开了微生物的研究。鱼类菌群的组成取决于宿主选择、饮食和环境等因素。肠道菌群可以影响鱼类宿主的营养代谢、免疫和抗病能力，而宿主则通过免疫和非免疫因素以鱼菌互作的方式调节肠道菌群的稳态。目前已经开发出的无菌鱼类模型，对于研究鱼类与微生物互作的机理研究有着重要意义。在本篇综述中，我们讨论了鱼类微生物研究的最新进展，描述了包括鱼类微生物多样性，以及宿主-菌群交互作用的研究结果。同时，还讨论了鱼类菌群对鱼类健康及行业可持续发展的潜在作用。

关键词：肠道菌群鱼宿主-菌群交互作用水产养殖

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Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China

Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 743-752 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0385-4

摘要： Besides crops, agriculture supplies all three major categories of ecosystem services (ES). However, agriculture also supplies an array of ecosystem dis-services (EDS) that may harm other ecosystems. The flows of ES and EDS are directly dependent on the management of agricultural ecosystems. The traditional method of Chinese agriculture, which supports sustainable agriculture, has been proven to increase ES and reduce EDS. However, there is a lack of a detailed understanding of the ES and EDS associated with traditional agriculture, and also of differences between traditional and modern agriculture. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem dis-services (EDS) of traditional and modern agriculture in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China. Afterwards, the economic values of ES and EDS were quantified experimentally and calculated based on the market price. The results show that: the net economic value of traditional rice-fish agriculture was 3.31×10 CNY·ha (6.83 CNY= 1 USD as of July, 2009) and that of rice monoculture was 1.99×10 CNY·ha . Significant differences existed between traditional rice-fish and rice monoculture fields for their economic values of some ES or EDS. A benefit and cost analysis (BCA) model was used to adjust the conflict between the economic income and environmental loss from traditional and modern agriculture. The BCA model not only calculates the net income but also monetizes the EDS of the agricultural systems. The results showed that the net income of rice-fish agriculture was 1.94×10 CNY·ha higher than that of rice monoculture. However, the benefit to cost ratio (BCR) of rice-fish agriculture was lower than that of rice monoculture, indicating that the traditional agricultural model was not the most optimized choice for farmers. The value of the rice-fish agriculture was much higher than that of the rice monoculture. Thus, when considering the benefits that rice-fish agriculture contributes to the large-scale society, these agricultural methods needs to be utilized. Furthermore, the labor opportunity costs were calculated and the comprehensive value of rice monoculture was negative. Finally, the compensation standard was calculated based on the comprehensive benefit analysis. The lowest level was 1.09×10 CNY·ha , and the highest level was 1.21×10 CNY·ha .

关键词： traditional agriculture rice-fish agriculture rice monoculture benefit and cost analysis (BCA) ecosystem services (ES) ecosystem dis-services (EDS)

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Short-term effect of temperature variation on the competition between PAOs and GAOs during acclimation period of an EBPR system

Nanqi REN, Han KANG, Xiuheng WANG, Nan LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 277-282 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0226-x

摘要： Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes was used to investigate the impact of the temperature shock on the competition between phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) in start-up stage. During the 34 days operation, SBR was set with temperature variation(0–5 d, 22±1°C; 6–13 d, 29±1°C; 14–34 d, 14±1°C). PAOs and GAOs were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and intracellular polyphosphate granules were stained by Neisser-stain. The results showed that the influence of temperature shock on PAOs’ abundance was more serious than that on GAOs in the enriching process. Under sudden and substantially temperature variation, from 22±1°C to 29±1°C and then to 14±1°C, the domination of PAOs was deteriorated. After temperature shock, PAOs’ competitive advantages at low temperature that concluded in other study did not appear in our study. As mesophilic, GAOs (indicated by and ) were more temperature adaptive and better grew and took the domination at 14±1°C in the end. In the competition process, organisms of tetrad forming organisms (TFOs)-like shape which were considered as typical GAOs, were observed. With the evidence of poly-P granules containing by Neisser-straining and result of FISH, these organisms of TFOs-like shape were better to be assumed as adaption state or a special self-protecting shape of PAOs.

关键词： fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) tetrad forming organisms (TFOs) temperature variation enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)

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中草药在水产养殖中的应用研究进展

蒲红宇, 李晓宇, 杜青波, 崔昊, 徐永平

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第5期页码 731-737 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.017

摘要：

随着人们对水产食品安全关注的不断加强，越来越多的化学合成药物在水产养殖中被禁用。同时，由于中草药具有绿色天然的优点，近年来其在水产养殖领域被广泛应用。研究表明，中草药具有促进养殖鱼类生长、提高抗病力、改善肌肉品质等多方面的作用。中草药所含生物活性物质不仅能够增加鱼类摄食量和消化酶活性，而且可能影响养殖产品风味。许多中草药种类还能够显著提升养殖鱼类的特异性和非特异性免疫力。然而，由于中草药的植物成分非常复杂，有效地分离提纯药用成分是开发应用的关键。本文回顾了中草药关于生长表现和饲料利用，免疫和抗病力以及养殖产品质量方面的最新研究和应用进展。本文同时介绍了中药材化学成分研究的新技术和方法，分析了中草药在水产养殖应用方面存在的问题，认为未来中草药研究应重点关注如何经济地提炼有效成分以及最佳的用药途径。

关键词：水产养殖中草药渔业研究进展