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Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0881-9

摘要： Sunlight-powered water splitting presents a promising strategy for converting intermittent and virtually unlimited solar energy into energy-dense and storable green hydrogen. Since the pioneering discovery by Honda and Fujishima, considerable efforts have been made in this research area. Among various materials developed, Ga(X)N/Si (X = In, Ge, Mg, etc.) nanoarchitecture has emerged as a disruptive semiconductor platform to split water toward hydrogen by sunlight. This paper introduces the characteristics, properties, and growth/synthesis/fabrication methods of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture, primarily focusing on explaining the suitability as an ideal platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward green hydrogen fuel. In addition, it exclusively summarizes the recent progress and development of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, it describes the challenges and prospects of artificial photosynthesis integrated device and system using Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitectures for solar water splitting toward hydrogen.

关键词： Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture     artificial photosynthesis     water splitting     solar toward hydrogen    

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High-quality industrial n-type silicon wafers with an efficiency of over 23% for Si heterojunction solar

Fanying MENG,Jinning LIU,Leilei SHEN,Jianhua SHI,Anjun HAN,Liping ZHANG,Yucheng LIU,Jian YU,Junkai ZHANG,Rui ZHOU,Zhengxin LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 78-84 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0435-5

摘要： n-type CZ-Si wafers featuring longer minority carrier lifetime and higher tolerance of certain metal contamination can offer one of the best Si-based solar cells. In this study, Si heterojuction (SHJ) solar cells which was fabricated with different wafers in the top, middle and tail positions of the ingot, exhibited a stable high efficiency of>22% in spite of the various profiles of the resistivity and lifetime, which demonstrated the high material utilization of n-type ingot. In addition, for effectively converting the sunlight into electrical power, the pyramid size, pyramid density and roughness of surface of the Cz-Si wafer were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, the dependence of SHJ solar cell open-circuit voltage on the surface topography was discussed, which indicated that the uniformity of surface pyramid helps to improve the open-circuit voltage and conversion efficiency. Moreover, the simulation revealed that the highest efficiency of the SHJ solar cell could be achieved by the wafer with a thickness of 100 µm. Fortunately, over 23% of the conversion efficiency of the SHJ solar cell with a wafer thickness of 100 µm was obtained based on the systematic optimization of cell fabrication process in the pilot production line. Evidently, the large availability of both n-type ingot and thinner wafer strongly supported the lower cost fabrication of high efficiency SHJ solar cell.

关键词： n-type Cz-Si     thinner wafer     surface texture     high efficiency     SHJ solar cell    

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Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

Zhihao Si, Xinshan Song, Xin Cao, Yuhui Wang, Yifei Wang, Yufeng Zhao, Xiaoyan Ge, Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1183-7

摘要： CW-Fe allowed a high-performance of NO3‒-N removal at the COD/N ratio of 0. Higher COD/N resulted in lower chem-denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. The application of s-Fe0 contributed to TIN removal in wetland mesocosm. s-Fe0 changed the main denitrifiers in wetland mesocosm. Sponge iron (s-Fe0) is a porous metal with the potential to be an electron donor for denitrification. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using s-Fe0 as the substrate of wetland mesocosms. Here, wetland mesocosms with the addition of s-Fe0 particles (CW-Fe) and a blank control group (CW-CK) were established. The NO3‒-N reduction property and water quality parameters (pH, DO, and ORP) were examined at three COD/N ratios (0, 5, and 10). Results showed that the NO3‒-N removal efficiencies were significantly increased by 6.6 to 58.9% in the presence of s-Fe0. NH4+-N was mainly produced by chemical denitrification, and approximately 50% of the NO3‒-N was reduced to NH4+-N, at the COD/ratio of 0. An increase of the influent COD/N ratio resulted in lower chemical denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. Although chemical denitrification mediated by s-Fe0 led to an accumulation of NH4+-N at COD/N ratios of 0 and 5, the TIN removal efficiencies increased by 4.5%‒12.4%. Moreover, the effluent pH, DO, and ORP values showed a significant negative correlation with total Fe and Fe (II) (P<0.01). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Trichococcus (77.2%) was the most abundant microorganism in the CW-Fe mesocosm, while Thauera, Zoogloea, and Herbaspirillum were the primary denitrifying bacteria. The denitrifiers, Simplicispira, Dechloromonas, and Denitratisoma, were the dominant bacteria for CW-CK. This study provides a valuable method and an improved understanding of NO3‒-N reduction characteristics of s-Fe0 in a wetland mesocosm.

关键词： Sponge iron     Wetland mesocosm     Electronic donor     Denitrification     COD/N ratio    

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结构功能一体化的高性能陶瓷材料的研究与开发

江东亮

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第2期   页码 35-39

摘要： 复合化、低成本制备等要求出发, 并就现有高性能陶瓷材料的基本性能和材料制备工艺上的优缺点进行了分析；简要介绍了碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷、 添加Nd的钇铝石榴子石(Nd-YAG)陶瓷、掺有稀土的氮化硅(RE-Si3N4)陶瓷等几种具有结构和功能一体化高性能陶瓷材料的优良性能,可能的应用以及目前存在的问题,特别是在基础研究和制备科学上今后应予以关注的方面。

关键词： 结构和功能一体化     高性能陶瓷     碳化硅     Nd-YAG     RE-Si3N4    

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Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of excellent a-Si:H passivation layers for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction

Lei ZHAO,Wenbin ZHANG,Jingwei CHEN,Hongwei DIAO,Qi WANG,Wenjing WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 85-91 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0437-3

摘要： The intrinsic a-Si:H passivation layer inserted between the doped a-Si:H layer and the c-Si substrate is very crucial for improving the performance of the a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell. The passivation performance of the a-Si:H layer is strongly dependent on its microstructure. Usually, the compact a-Si:H deposited near the transition from the amorphous phase to the nanocrystalline phase by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) can provide excellent passivation. However, at the low deposition pressure and low deposition power, such an a-Si:H layer can be only prepared in a narrow region. The deposition condition must be controlled very carefully. In this paper, intrinsic a-Si:H layers were prepared on n-type Cz c-Si substrates by 27.12 MHz PECVD at a high deposition pressure and high deposition power. The corresponding passivation performance on c-Si was investigated by minority carrier lifetime measurement. It was found that an excellent a-Si:H passivation layer could be obtained in a very wide deposition pressure and power region. Such wide process window would be very beneficial for improving the uniformity and the yield for the solar cell fabrication. The a-Si:H layer microstructure was further investigated by Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization. The correlation between the microstructure and the passivation performance was revealed. According to the above findings, the a-Si:H passivation performance was optimized more elaborately. Finally, a large-area SHJ solar cell with an efficiency of 22.25% was fabricated on the commercial 156 mm pseudo-square n-type Cz c-Si substrate with the open-circuit voltage ( ) of up to 0.732 V.

关键词： PECVD     high pressure and high power     a-Si:H microstructure     passivation     heterojunction solar cell    

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利用三元合金保护和催化的硅光阳极与廉价硅太阳能电池相结合实现12.0%的太阳能制氢效率 Article

何凌云, 洪欣, 王亦清, 邢众航, 耿嘉峰, 郭鹏慧, 苏进展, 沈少华

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第25卷 第6期   页码 128-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.023

摘要：

n型硅（n-Si）表面在水溶液中容易被氧化和钝化，导致其在光电化学（PEC）分解水的析氧反应（OER）动力学缓慢。本工作通过欠电位沉积成功地在p+n-Si基底上电沉积了三金属Ni0.9Fe0.05Co0.05保护层。RHE电位时具有较高的光电流密度（33.1 mA∙cm-2），显著优于Ni/p+n-Si光阳极。工作证明了Fe在Ni层的掺杂会在Ni0.9Fe0.05Co0.05/p+n-Si界面处产生较大的能带弯曲，促进界面电荷分离。这项工作提供了一种简单的方法来设计高效、稳定的n-Si基光阳极，并对其构效关系有了深刻的理解；这种方法制备的材料在集成低成本PV/PEC器件用于无辅助太阳能驱动水分解方面具有巨大的潜力。

关键词： n-Si     光阳极     水分解     光伏/光电化学器件    

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Analysis of the double-layer α-Si:H emitter with different doping concentrations for α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction

Haibin HUANG,Gangyu TIAN,Tao WANG,Chao GAO,Jiren YUAN,Zhihao YUE,Lang ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 92-95 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0432-8

摘要： Double-layer emitters with different doping concentrations (DLE) have been designed and prepared for amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (α-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction solar cells. Compared with the traditional single layer emitter, both the experiment and the simulation (AFORS-HET, http://www.paper.edu.cn/html/releasepaper/2014/04/282/) prove that the double-layer emitter increases the short circuit current of the cells significantly. Based on the quantum efficiency (QE) results and the current-voltage-temperature analysis, the mechanism for the experimental results above has been investigated. The possible reasons for the increased current include the enhancement of the QE in the short wavelength range, the increase of the tunneling probability of the current transport and the decrease of the activation energy of the emitter layers.

关键词： double-layer emitter     α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cell     short circuit current     quantum efficiency     current-voltage-temperature    

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基于正交质谱的N-糖组谱揭示哈夫病潜在病原学 Article

刘思, 刘圆圆, 林佳静, 刘笔锋, 何振宇, 吴晓旻, 刘欣

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期   页码 63-73 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.012

摘要： N-糖组的剖析将促进破译疾病的分子机制，而HD相关的糖基化从未被探索过。本文中，采用基于高通量的正交质谱对HD中血清和血清衍生的IgG的N-糖组谱进行了表征。数据显示，HD与总血清糖蛋白的核心岩藻糖基化和单半乳糖醇化升高有关。本研究表明差异化IgG N-糖基化与HD的关联，为这种罕见疾病的病因提供了新的见解。

关键词： 哈夫病     全血清     IgG抗体     糖基化     疾病病原学    

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Preparation and lithium storage performances of g-C

Zhengxu BIAN, Zehua TANG, Jinfeng XIE, Junhao ZHANG, Xingmei GUO, Yuanjun LIU, Aihua YUAN, Feng ZHANG, Qinghong KONG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 759-766 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0810-0

摘要： As the anode material of lithium-ion battery, silicon-based materials have a high theoretical capacity, but their volume changes greatly in the charging and discharging process. To ameliorate the volume expansion issue of silicon-based anode materials, g-C N /Si nanocomposites are prepared by using the magnesium thermal reduction technique. It is well known that g-C N /Si nanocomposites can not only improve the electronic transmission ability, but also ameliorate the physical properties of the material for adapting the stress and strain caused by the volume expansion of silicon in the lithiation and delithiation process. When g-C N /Si electrode is evaluated, the initial discharge capacity of g-C N /Si nanocomposites is as high as 1033.3 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, and its reversible capacity is maintained at 548 mAh/g after 400 cycles. Meanwhile, the improved rate capability is achieved with a relatively high reversible specific capacity of 218 mAh/g at 2.0 A/g. The superior lithium storage performances benefit from the unique g-C N /Si nanostructure, which improves electroconductivity, reduces volume expansion, and accelerates lithium-ion transmission compared to pure silicon.

关键词： magnesium thermal reduction     g-C3N4/Si nanocomposites     volume expansion     electroconductivity     lithium-ion battery    

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Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Yanli LIN, Xiaohui SI, Fulei CHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 203-213 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0131-4

摘要：

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.

关键词： rotor dynamics     slant crack     stability     torsional excitation     open and close    

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Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0892-z

摘要： Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated. Elevated soil mercury content had significant impact on mercury accumulation in rape stems, roots, seeds and seed coats. Leaf mercury in the leaves was mostly affected by atmospheric input while the stems were mostly affected by soil concentrations. Mercury in the aboveground plant tissue mainly derived from atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric mercury absorption in leaves was higher than that in the stems. Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated using an open top chamber fumigation experiment and a soil mercury enriched cultivation experiment. Results indicate that the mercury concentration in leaves and stems showed a significant variation under different concentrations of mercury in atmospheric and soil experiments while the concentration of mercury in roots, seeds and seed coats showed no significant variation under different atmospheric mercury concentrations. Using the function relation established by the experiment, results for atmospheric mercury sources in rape field biomass showed that atmospheric sources accounted for at least 81.81% of mercury in rape leaves and 32.29% of mercury in the stems. Therefore, mercury in the aboveground biomass predominantly derives from the absorption of atmospheric mercury.

关键词： Open top chamber     Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM)     Soil Mercury     Brassica napus    

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Laser ablation of block copolymers with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene derivatives

Jintang Huang, Youju Huang, Si Wu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 450-456 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1735-6

摘要：

Supramolecular assemblies (PS-b-P4VP(AzoR)) are fabricated by hydrogen-bonding azobenzene derivatives (AzoR) to poly(4-vinyl pyridine) blocks of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) forms phase separated nanostructures with a period of ~75–105 nm. A second length scale structure with a period of 2 µm is fabricated on phase separated PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) by laser interference ablation. Both the concentration and the substituent of AzoR in PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) affect the laser ablation process. The laser ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) decreases as the concentration of AzoR increases. In PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) with different substituents (R= CN, H, and CH3), ablation thresholds follow the trend: PS-b-P4VP(AzoCN)<PS-b-P4VP(AzoCH3)<PS-b-P4VP(AzoH). This result indicates that the electron donor group (CH3) and the electron acceptor group (CN) can lower the ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP(AzoR).

关键词： laser ablation     block copolymers     hydrogen-bond     azobenzene derivatives     supramolecular assembly    

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Numerical simulation of charge stratifications to improve combustion and NO formation of lean-burn SI

Zhijun PENG ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 353-358 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0035-8

摘要： The influences of charge stratification on spark ignition (SI) engine combustion and NO emission were analyzed using a phenomenological model. The mixture in the cylinder was divided spherically into three parts: a central core with a stoichiometric air-fuel charge, a dilution region without any combustible charge, and a mixing region lying between the core and the dilution region. Three mixture stratification parameters such as the extent of dilution in the mixing region, the extent of combustible charge in the mixing region, and the gradient of stratification in the mixing region were investigated. The results indicate that the extent of combustible charge in the mixing region could reduce in-cylinder NO formation significantly, compared with the extent of dilution in the mixing region. As long as the degree of dilution in the mixing region is within the dilution limit of the combustible charge, the gradient of dilution has little effect on combustion and NO formation.

关键词： charge stratification     SI engine     lean-burn combustion     NO emission    

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旋转体自身驱动的硅微机械陀螺

张福学,毛旭,张伟

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第8期   页码 23-27

摘要：

报道了一种利用旋转体自身角速度作为驱动力，通过各向异性刻蚀硅片制作的硅微机械陀螺。介绍了该陀螺敏感结构（硅摆）的设计、制作与封装工艺，用仿真器测试了旋转体的角速率。模拟试验和性能测试表明，该陀螺结构原理正确，可用于敏感旋转体的偏航或俯仰角速度，以及旋转体自身的角速度。

关键词： 硅     各向异性腐蚀     角速度     仿真器    

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Impacts of cone-structured interface and aperiodicity on nanoscale thermal transport in Si/Ge superlattices

Pengfei JI, Yiming RONG, Yuwen ZHANG, Yong TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 137-142 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0532-8

摘要： Si/Ge superlattices are promising thermoelectric materials to convert thermal energy into electric power. The nanoscale thermal transport in Si/Ge superlattices is investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in this short communication. The impact of Si and Ge interface on the cross-plane thermal conductivity reduction in the Si/Ge superlattices is studied by designing cone-structured interface and aperiodicity between the Si and Ge layers. The temperature difference between the left and right sides of the Si/Ge superlattices is set up for nonequilibrium MD simulation. The spatial distribution of temperature is recorded to examine whether the steady-state has been reached. As a crucial factor to quantify thermal transport, the temporal evolution of heat flux flowing through Si/Ge superlattices is calculated. Compared with the even interface, the cone-structured interface contributes remarkable resistance to the thermal transport, whereas the aperiodic arrangement of Si and Ge layers with unequal thicknesses has a marginal influence on the reduction of effective thermal conductivity. The interface with divergent cone-structure shows the most excellent performance of all the simulated cases, which brings a 33% reduction of the average thermal conductivity to the other Si/Ge superlattices with even, convergent cone-structured interfaces and aperiodic arrangements. The design of divergent cone-structured interface sheds promising light on enhancing the thermoelectric efficiency of Si/Ge based materials.

关键词： thermoelectric material     thermal transport     Si/Gesuperlattics     molecular dynamics (MD)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward

期刊论文

High-quality industrial n-type silicon wafers with an efficiency of over 23% for Si heterojunction solar

Fanying MENG,Jinning LIU,Leilei SHEN,Jianhua SHI,Anjun HAN,Liping ZHANG,Yucheng LIU,Jian YU,Junkai ZHANG,Rui ZHOU,Zhengxin LIU

期刊论文

Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

Zhihao Si, Xinshan Song, Xin Cao, Yuhui Wang, Yifei Wang, Yufeng Zhao, Xiaoyan Ge, Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn

期刊论文

结构功能一体化的高性能陶瓷材料的研究与开发

江东亮

期刊论文

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of excellent a-Si:H passivation layers for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction

Lei ZHAO,Wenbin ZHANG,Jingwei CHEN,Hongwei DIAO,Qi WANG,Wenjing WANG

期刊论文

利用三元合金保护和催化的硅光阳极与廉价硅太阳能电池相结合实现12.0%的太阳能制氢效率

何凌云, 洪欣, 王亦清, 邢众航, 耿嘉峰, 郭鹏慧, 苏进展, 沈少华

期刊论文

Analysis of the double-layer α-Si:H emitter with different doping concentrations for α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction

Haibin HUANG,Gangyu TIAN,Tao WANG,Chao GAO,Jiren YUAN,Zhihao YUE,Lang ZHOU

期刊论文

基于正交质谱的N-糖组谱揭示哈夫病潜在病原学

刘思, 刘圆圆, 林佳静, 刘笔锋, 何振宇, 吴晓旻, 刘欣

期刊论文

Preparation and lithium storage performances of g-C

Zhengxu BIAN, Zehua TANG, Jinfeng XIE, Junhao ZHANG, Xingmei GUO, Yuanjun LIU, Aihua YUAN, Feng ZHANG, Qinghong KONG

期刊论文

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Yanli LIN, Xiaohui SI, Fulei CHU

期刊论文

Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

期刊论文

Laser ablation of block copolymers with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene derivatives

Jintang Huang, Youju Huang, Si Wu

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of charge stratifications to improve combustion and NO formation of lean-burn SI

Zhijun PENG ,

期刊论文

旋转体自身驱动的硅微机械陀螺

张福学,毛旭,张伟

期刊论文

Impacts of cone-structured interface and aperiodicity on nanoscale thermal transport in Si/Ge superlattices

Pengfei JI, Yiming RONG, Yuwen ZHANG, Yong TANG

期刊论文