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抗RNA病毒相关生物材料

姚康德,尹玉姬,张宝连,赵立国

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第7期页码 17-23

摘要：

在介绍RNA病毒结构、生殖、复制和转录的基础上，综述了抗病毒策略，其中包括抗SARS药物设计，RNA干扰，DNA疫苗释放系统，调控蛋白与糖胺聚糖衍生物或类似物相互作用，天然药物及肺泡组织工程等。这些实例涵盖了RNA病毒与蛋白质、DNA及多糖等生物材料的相互作用。生物材料作为基质或载体正在向细胞或/和基因活化的第三代生物材料发展，可望在抗病毒中发挥作用。

关键词：抗RNA病毒蛋白质 DNA 多糖生物材料

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多组学导向的链霉菌1647产生的奥米克欣的发现——一组抗甲型流感病毒和冠状病毒HCoV-229E的活性类四肽化合物 Article

孙红敏, 李星星, 陈明华, 钟鸣, 李怡华, 王琨, 杜郁, 甄心, 高荣梅, 巫晔翔, 侍媛媛, 余利岩, 车永胜, 李玉环, 蒋建东, 洪斌, 司书毅

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 176-186 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.010

摘要：链霉菌（Streptomyces sp.）1647 是20 世纪70 年代从中国南方土壤中分离的一株链霉菌，其发酵液显示优良的抗甲型流感病毒（IAV）活性，但其抗病毒活性成分始终没有得到有效的分离和结构鉴定本研究综合利用多组学研究策略，从这株链霉菌中成功分离得到抗病毒活性成分。奥米克欣B1~B4 显示出优良的抗甲型流感病毒活性，其50%抑制浓度（IC₅₀）在1 μmol·L⁻¹左右，选择指数（SI）为奥米克欣B1~B4 同时显示出对人冠状病毒HCoV-229E的显著抑制活性。综上，通过综合利用多组学技术与数据分析，从链霉菌1647 发酵产物中发现了一组新型的具有抗病毒活性的类四肽化合物，说明微生物次级代谢产物是新型抗病毒抗生素的宝贵资源。

关键词：多组学抗甲型流感病毒抗冠状病毒链霉菌1647 类四肽化合物

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核酸疫苗研发态势与发展建议

李爱花,杨雪梅,孙轶楠,苑亚坤,杨俊涛

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第4期页码 153-161 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.018

摘要：

应对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情防控的迫切需求，核酸疫苗以其快速高效的优点得到了疫苗研发领域的高度重视，特别是信使核糖核酸（mRNA

关键词：核酸疫苗脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）疫苗核糖核酸（RNA）疫苗信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗新型冠状病毒肺炎肿瘤

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Ribozyme and the mechanisms that underlie RNA catalysis

Timothy J. Wilson,Yijin Liu,David M. J. Lilley

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 178-185 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1558-2

摘要： Ribozymes are widespread, and catalyze some extremely important reactions in the cell. Mechanistically most fall into one of two classes, using either metal ions or general acid-base catalysis. The nucleolytic ribozymes fall into the latter class, mostly using nucleobases. A sub-set of these use a combination of guanine base plus adenine acid to catalyze the cleavage reaction. New ribozymes are still being discovered at regular intervals and we can speculate on the potential existence of ribozymes that catalyze chemistry beyond phosphoryl transfer reactions, perhaps using small-molecule coenzymes.

关键词： RNA catalysis RNA structure catalytic mechanism

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为有效防控新冠病毒肺炎争取时间——抗疫假期政策对疫情传播的影响 Article

陈思邈, 陈秋实, 杨维中, 薛澜, 刘远立, 杨俊涛, 王辰, Till Bärnighausen

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第10期页码 1108-1114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.018

摘要：本研究的目的是探讨抗疫假期的起始时间节点和持续时间对中国早期新冠病毒肺炎疫情传播的影响。我们开发了一个房室模型来模拟从2020年1月开始中国新冠病毒肺炎疫情的动态传播；预测并比较了春节期间在有抗疫假期和没有抗疫假期下的疫情传播；考虑了抗疫假期在不同持续时间、不同起始时间节点，以及在关于病毒传播率的不同假设下的多种情况结果表明，中国的抗疫假期使新冠病毒肺炎疫情的传播停滞了许多天。与不设抗疫假期的场景相比，基础场景的抗疫假期（湖北省为21 d，中国所有其他省为10 d）可使确诊感染100 000例的时间延迟7.54 d。持续时间更长的抗疫假期会对疫情防控产生更大的影响。抗疫假期使得新冠病毒肺炎传播暂时停滞，为疫情防控争取了时间，科学家可用争取的时间来发现传播途径并确定有效的公共卫生干预措施，政府可用争取的时间来完善基础设施、调配医疗用品、培训和部署专业人力资源，从而为长期防控做好准备

关键词：新冠病毒肺炎模型春节假期延长保持社交距离

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基于RNA的生物防治——一种作物保护新模式 Review

Matthew Bramlett, Geert Plaetinck, Peter Maienfisch

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第5期页码 522-527 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.008

摘要：在过去的几年中，RNA干扰（RNAi）过程被认为是一种非常有前景的新方法，可作为化学和生物害虫防治剂、植物保护剂等叶面喷施、土壤或种子处理的补充。基于RNA的活性成分（AI）具有独特的作用方式，可以通过基因修饰（GM）和生物防治两种途径来实现。由于基于RNA的AI可利用自然过程来发挥控制作用，同时它们具有高度选择性，降低了非目标生物（NTO）的风险，因此基于RNA的AI有望提供未来作物保护剂所需要的选择性和可持续性。本文讨论了基于RNA的生物防治的替代方案在作物保护中的优势和局限性，以及RNA生物防治科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫（CPB）、玉米根虫（CRW）和大豆臭虫（SSB）的最新研究进展。在实现各种基于RNA的产品及其广泛使用和应用的道路上，仍然存在许多挑战。尽管如此，我们仍可预期到，基于RNA的AI将成为有价值的新工具，以补充当前的农作物保护解决方案。

关键词：基于RNA的生物防治 RNA干扰（RNAi）科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫（CPB）玉米根虫（CRW）大豆臭虫（SSB）

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敲低特异性环状非编码RNA显著抑制骨肉瘤的进展 Article

王世东, 张红亮, 李博, 陈成龙, 任婷婷, 黄怡, 刘凯, 李敬敬, 郭卫

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 187-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.007

摘要：异常表达的非编码环状RNA（circRNA）对骨肉瘤的发生和发展至关重要。本研究的目的是探索一种新的circRNA circ_000203 在骨肉瘤中的表达和作用，阐明其潜在机制。

关键词：非编码RNA 骨肉瘤 circRNA 分子机制敲低

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地基土上水工建筑物的抗滑动稳定研究

周君亮

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 4-14

摘要：利用基坑内压板抗滑动试验成果，确定地基土包括回弹影响后的抗滑动承载能力。采用地基土承受偏心荷载的最大压应力σmax控制地基土与压板的位移和抗滑动形式，可以发生不同的3种最大位移面，形成6种抗滑动形式。根据地基土承受的最大压应力，提出设计抗滑动的计算方法：定量确定地基土与压板抗滑动的摩擦系数计算值，地基土的抗滑动安全系数由指标安全系数控制，修正在地基土上建筑物整体滑动的计算公式，计算预测可能发生的多种最大位移面和抗滑动形式及绘制地基土滑动区轮廓，限定地基土发生平面抗滑动形式时承受的最大压应力值。

关键词：压板抗滑动试验最大位移面与抗滑动形式原型、模型抗滑动相似指数抗滑动摩擦系数设计和计算方法

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Blockage of receptor-interacting protein 2 expression by small interfering RNA in murine macrophages

LIU Hongchun, CAO Zhongwei, JIN Jianjun, WANG Jiyao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 166-170 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0030-1

摘要： This study aims to demonstrate that blocking the receptor-interacting protein2 (Rip2) expression can decrease inflammatory cytokine production by macrophage and protect mice from endotoxin lethality. Murine Rip2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids were constructed and transfected into macrophage and Rip2 expression was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation was assayed with MTT. TNF-? concentration was assayed with ELISA and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) level with semi-quantitative western blot after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. LPS challenge was given after the plasmids were injected into mice and the survival rate was calculated. Rip2 siRNA plasmid could block the mRNA and protein expression of Rip2 and promote cell proliferation. Blocking Rip2 could attenuate LPS-induced TNF-? and HMGB1 production. The HMGB1 expression in the liver decreased to (40.21 ± 11.03) pg/g, and serum TNF-? level decreased to (300.43 ± 59.26) ng/L ( < 0.05). The survival rate of mice from endotoxemia was also improved ( < 0.05). The results demonstrate that Rip2 siRNA plasmid can block the expression of Rip2, decrease the production of TNF-? and HMGB1 and protect mice from fatal endotoxemia.

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Overexpressed long noncoding RNA CRNDE with distinct alternatively spliced isoforms in multiple cancers

Xuefei Ma, Wei Zhang, Rong Zhang, Jingming Li, Shufen Li, Yunlin Ma, Wen Jin, Kankan Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 330-343 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0557-0

摘要： Alternative splicing is a tightly regulated process that contributes to cancer development. CRNDE is a long noncoding RNA with alternative splicing and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers. However, whether deregulated expression of CRNDE is common and which isoforms are mainly involved in cancers remain unclear. In this study, we report that CRNDE is aberrantly expressed in the majority of solid and hematopoietic malignancies. The investigation of CRNDE expression in normal samples revealed that CRNDE was expressed in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. Further comparison of CRNDE expression in 2938 patient samples from 15 solid and hematopoietic tumors showed that CRNDE was significantly overexpressed in 11 malignancies, including 3 reported and 8 unreported, and also implicated that the overexpressed isoforms differed in various cancer types. Furthermore, anti-cancer drugs could efficiently repress CRNDE overexpression in cancer cell lines and primary samples, and even had different impacts on the expression of CRNDE isoforms. Finally, experimental profiles of 12 alternatively spliced isoforms demonstrated that the spliced variant CRNDE-g was the most highly expressed isoform in multiple cancer types. Collectively, our results emphasize the cancer-associated feature of CRNDE and its spliced isoforms, and may provide promising targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

关键词： long noncoding RNA CRNDE alternative splicing

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Potential use of serum HBV RNA in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in the era of nucleos(t)ide

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 502-508 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0590-z

摘要：

Although the efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) has been confirmed for treatment of chronic hepatitis B, long-term therapy has been recommended due to the high frequency of off-therapy viral DNA rebound and disease relapse. In this review, the RNA virion-like particles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are integrated into the life cycle of HBV replication, and the potential significance of serum HBV RNA is systematically described. The production of HBV RNA virion-like particles should not be blocked by NA; in this regard, serum HBV RNA is found to be a suitable surrogate marker for the activity of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), particularly among patients receiving NA therapy. Therefore, the concept of virological response is redefined as persistent loss of serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA. In contrast to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that can originate from either the cccDNA or the integrated HBV DNA fragment, serum HBV RNA, with pregenomic RNA origination, can only be transcribed from cccDNA. Therefore, the loss of serum HBV RNA would likely be a promising predicator for safe drug discontinuation. The clinical status of consistent loss of serum HBV RNA accompanied with low serum HBsAg levels might be implicated as a “para-functional cure,” a status nearly close to the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B, to distinguish the “functional cure” characterized as serum HBsAg loss with or without anti-HBs seroconversion.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B serum HBV RNA nucleos(t)ide analogs virological response para-functional cure

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immune escape and microenvironment between RG-like and pri-OPC-like glioma revealed by single-cell RNA-seq

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1017-7

摘要： The association of neurogenesis and gliogenesis with glioma remains unclear. By conducting single-cell RNA-seq analyses on 26 gliomas, we reported their classification into primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell (pri-OPC)-like and radial glia (RG)-like tumors and validated it in a public cohort and TCGA glioma. The RG-like tumors exhibited wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase and tended to carry EGFR mutations, and the pri-OPC-like ones were prone to carrying TP53 mutations. Tumor subclones only in pri-OPC-like tumors showed substantially down-regulated MHC-I genes, suggesting their distinct immune evasion programs. Furthermore, the two subgroups appeared to extensively modulate glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes in distinct manners. Some specific genes not expressed in normal immune cells were found in glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes. For example, glial/glioma stem cell markers OLIG1/PTPRZ1 and B cell-specific receptors IGLC2/IGKC were expressed in pri-OPC-like and RG-like glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Their expression was positively correlated with those of immune checkpoint genes (e.g., LGALS3) and poor survivals as validated by the increased expression of LGALS3 upon IGKC overexpression in Jurkat cells. This finding indicated a potential inhibitory role in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and could provide a new way of cancer immune evasion.

关键词： single-cell RNA-seq glioma radial glia primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell immune escape

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病毒性疾病对奶牛繁殖力的重要影响 Review

D. Claire Wathes, Chike F. Oguejiofor, Carole Thomas, Zhangrui Cheng

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第1期页码 26-33 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020

摘要：

世界各地的牛群中有许多病毒性疾病是地方性疾病。许多病毒穿过胎盘并导致流产和胎儿畸形的能力是众所周知的。还有大量证据表明，病毒感染对于奶牛还有其他影响，反映在受胎率的降低上。本文介绍了5种可能影响奶牛繁殖力的病毒，以及它们的潜在作用机制。妊娠中期非细胞病变型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV）的急性感染会使流产率升高或导致持续感染的犊牛出生。牛疱疹病毒（bovine herpesvirus, BHV）-1型在青春期前的小母牛中最常见，会导致它们生长减缓，延迟繁殖并提高首次产犊的年龄，先前受感染的动物继而表现出繁殖力的降低。施马伦贝格病毒（Schmallenberg virus, SBV）和蓝舌病病毒（bluetongue virus, BTV）均以昆虫作为媒介传播，导致流产率和先天畸形的增加。

关键词：牛病毒性腹泻病毒牛疱疹病毒1型牛疱疹病毒4型施马伦贝格病毒蓝舌病毒免疫抑制胚胎死亡率

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Construction and identification of lentiviral RNA interference vector of rat leptin receptor gene

Zhengjuan LIU, Jie BIAN, Yuchuan WANG, Yongli ZHAO, Dong YAN, Xiaoxia WANG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 57-60 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0003-z

摘要： Leptin resistance is a main mechanism of acquired childhood obesity, and the suppression of long form of leptin receptor (OBRb) gene expression in diet-induced obese rats indicates that the down-regulation of OBRb gene expression plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of leptin resistance. The aim of the present study was to construct the lentiviral RNA interference (RNAi) vector of rat OBRb gene and evaluate the effects of siRNA on silencing OBRb gene expression. The target sequence of siRNA-OBRb was designed, and the complementary DNA containing both sense and antisense oligonucleotides was synthesized. After phosphorylation and annealing, these double-stranded DNA was cloned to pRNA-lentivector-VGFP to construct pRNA-Lenti-OBRb-VGFP recombinants with U6-containing promoter, target sequence and Poly III terminator. Then, the products were confirmed by electrophoresis and sequencing analysis, and the effects of RNAi on reducing gene expression were further confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in transfected rat glioma cells expressing OBRb. The target sequence of siRNA-OBRb was successfully cloned to pRNA-lentivector-VGFP, and the RNAi protocol specifically reduced the expression of OBRb mRNA by approximately 80% compared with controls in transfected rat glioma cells. The successful construction of rat lentivirus vectors expressing OBRb-specific shRNA may be useful for further investigation .

关键词： receptors leptin RNA interference lentivirus vector

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抗磨蚀材料失效过程的微观特性

王飚,王宇栋,张自华,何筱奎,诸小丽

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第8期页码 82-86

摘要：

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射，对抗汽蚀较优的硼不锈钢堆焊层和抗磨蚀较优的碳化钨陶瓷堆焊层的原样、汽蚀后样和磨蚀后样进行了微观分析研究。结果表明，硼不锈钢堆焊层是较好的抗汽蚀材料，但抗磨蚀效果不理想；碳化钨对磨蚀损坏有良好的屏障作用；磨蚀坑是气泡溃灭产生的脉冲式法向负压力和脉冲式泥沙冲击切向分力联合作用的结果。

关键词：抗汽蚀抗磨蚀微观特性