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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: critical reappraisal of a potentially under-recognized condition

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 492-498 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0292-0

摘要：

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon, potentially life threatening, hyper inflammatory syndrome of diverse etiologies. Cardinal signs include prolonged fever, organomegaly, and persistent unexplained cytopenias. In spite of the well known diagnostic criteria put forth by HLH society, this continues to pose great diagnostic challenge in both pediatric and adult intensive care settings. We describe 4 adult (2 males, 2 females, aged 19, 29, 40, and 17 years) and 3 pediatric (2 males, 1female, aged 1 month, 6 months, and 12 years) patients with secondary HLH who satisfied the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. Definite evidence of hemophagocytosis was noted in 4 patients on initial bone marrow examination. The underlying etiologies were as follows: Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (case 1), autoimmune disorder (case 2), systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) (case 3), unknown bite (possibly a venomous snake) (case 4), Plasmodium vivax (case 5), Cytomegalo virus (case 6), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (case 7). In one patient, hemophagocytosis was presumed to have been exacerbated by administration of granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for severe neutropenia. Two patients died with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multi organ failure within few days of HLH diagnosis. Immunosuppressive therapy was started in 3 patients, and etoposide was started in one patient only. Due to lack of specificity of diagnostic criteria, diagnosing and differentiating HLH from its closest mimickers like sepsis/septic shock may be quite challenging in critically ill patients. Therefore, increasing awareness among physicians is essential for early diagnosis and effective therapy to reduce the mortality.

关键词： hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnosis therapy GM-CSF bone marrow

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灰色预测模型GM（１，１）的适用性分析及在火灾风险预测中的应用

陈子锦,王福亮,陆守香

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 91-94

摘要：

通过对灰色预测模型———GM（１，１）的理论分析，证明了该模型的预测值及其变化趋势均具有单调性，进而提出了GM（１，１）模型的适用性判据，并给出了该判据在火灾风险灰色预测中的应用实例。

关键词：火灾预测 GM(1 1)模型火灾伤人率

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非等间距GM(1,1)幂模型及其工程应用

王正新,党耀国,刘思峰

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 98-102

摘要：

针对工程中大量存在的非等间距序列的建模问题，提出了非等间距GM(1, 1)幂模型。以平均相对误差绝对值最小化为目标，以模型参数之间的关系为约束，构建了一个非线性优化模型实现非等间距GM(1, 1)幂模型的参数估计。结果表明，非等间距GM(1, 1)幂模型的形式较为灵活，非等间距GM(1, 1)模型和灰色Verhulst模型均是非等间距GM(1, 1)幂模型的特殊情形，幂指数的优化有利于提高建模精度。最后通过一个工程实例验证了非等间距GM(1, 1)幂模型的有效性与实用性。

关键词：灰色系统非等间距序列 GM(1 1)幂模型参数优化