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Digital microfluidics: A promising technique for biochemical applications

He WANG, Liguo CHEN, Lining SUN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 510-525 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0460-z

Abstract:

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile microfluidics technology that has significant application

Keywords： digital microfluidics     electrowetting on dielectric     discrete droplet     biochemistry    

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Porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules designed by microfluidics for selective permeation and stimuli-triggered

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering   Pages 1643-1650 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2201-z

Abstract: Microcapsules are versatile delivery vehicles and widely used in various areas. Generally, microcapsules with solid shells lack selective permeation and only exhibit a simple release mode. Here, we use ultrathin-shell water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions as templates and design porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules for selective permeation and multiple stimuli-triggered release. After preparation of double emulsions by microfluidic devices, negatively charged shellac nanoparticles dispersed in the inner water core electrostatically complex with positively charged telechelic α,ω-diamino functionalized polydimethylsiloxane polymers dissolved in the middle oil shell at the water/oil interface, thus forming a porous shell of shellac nanoparticles cross-linked by telechelic polymers. Subsequently, the double emulsions become porous microcapsules upon evaporation of the middle oil phase. The porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules exhibit excellent properties, including tunable size, selective permeation and stimuli-triggered release. Small molecules or particles can diffuse across the shell, while large molecules or particles are encapsulated in the core, and release of the encapsulated cargos can be triggered by osmotic shock or a pH change. Due to their unique performance, porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules present promising platforms for various applications, such as drug delivery.

Keywords： microcapsule     emulsion     microfluidics     selective permeation     stimuli-triggered release    

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Microfluidics for Medical Additive Manufacturing Review

Jie Wang, Changmin Shao, Yuetong Wang, Lingyun Sun, Yuanjin Zhao

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 11,   Pages 1244-1257 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.001

Abstract: Finally, we present challenges in and future perspectives on the development of microfluidics for medical

Keywords： Microfluidics     Biomaterial     Additive manufacturing     Droplet     Fiber    

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Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 1017-1022 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2118-y

Abstract: Liposomes, the self-assembled phospholipid vesicles, have been extensively used in various fields such as artificial cells, drug delivery systems, biosensors and cosmetics. However, current microfluidic routes to liposomes mostly rely on water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets as templates, and require complex fabrication of microfluidic devices, and tedious manipulation of multiphase fluids. Here we present a simple microfluidic approach to preparing monodisperse liposomes from oil-in-water droplets. For demonstration, we used butyl acetate-water-ethanol ternary mixtures as inner phase and an aqueous solution of surfactants as outer phase to make oil-in-water droplets, which can evolve into water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets by liquid–liquid phase separation of ternary mixtures. Subsequently, the resultant water-in-oil-in-water droplets underwent a dewetting transition to form separated monodisperse liposomes and residual oil droplets, with the assistance of surfactants. The method is simple, does not require complex microfluidic devices and tedious manipulation, and provides a new platform for controllable preparation of liposomes.

Keywords： microfluidics     liposomes     ternary droplets     phase separation    

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Mechanically Strong Proteinaceous Fibers: Engineered Fabrication by Microfluidics Review

Jing Sun, Jingsi Chen, Kai Liu, Hongbo Zeng

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 615-623 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.005

Abstract: As the traditional spinning methods provide poor control over the as-spun fibers, microfluidics has beenThis review outlines recent progress in the design and fabrication of protein-based fibers based on microfluidicsWe first briefly discuss the natural spider silk-spinning process and the microfluidics spinning processNext, the fabrication and mechanical properties of regenerated protein fibers via microfluidics are discussed

Keywords： Proteinaceous fibers     Microfluidics     Soft materia     l Biomaterials    

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Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review

Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 90-98 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2

Abstract: Microfluidic chip has been applied in various biological fields owing to its low-consumption of reagents, high throughput, fluidic controllability and integrity. The well-designed microscale intermediary is also ideal for the study of cell biology. Particularly, microfluidic chip is helpful for better understanding cell-cell interactions. A general survey of recent publications would help to generalize the designs of the co-culture chips with different features. With ingenious and combinational utilization, the chips facilitate the implementation of some special co-culture models that are highly concerned in a different spatial and temporal way.

Keywords： microfluidic chip     co-culture     cell-cell interactions     review    

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Hierarchically Inverse Opal Porous Scaffolds from Droplet Microfluidics for Biomimetic 3D Cell Co-Culture Article

Changmin Shao, Yuxiao Liu, Junjie Chi, Fangfu Ye, Yuanjin Zhao

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 12,   Pages 1778-1785 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.031

Abstract:

With the advantages of better mimicking the specificity of natural tissues, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture plays a major role in drug development, toxicity testing, and tissue engineering. However, existing scaffolds or microcarriers for 3D cell culture are often limited in size and show suboptimal performance in simulating the vascular complexes of living organisms. Therefore, we present a novel hierarchically inverse opal porous scaffold made via a simple microfluidic approach for promoting 3D cell co-culture techniques. The designed scaffold is constructed using a combined concept involving an emulsion droplet template and inert polymer polymerization. This work demonstrates that the resultant scaffolds ensure a sufficient supply of nutrients during cell culture, so as to achieve large-volume cell culture. In addition, by serially planting different cells in the scaffold, a 3D co-culture system of endothelial-cell-encapsulated hepatocytes can be developed for constructing certain functional tissues. It is also demonstrated that the use of the proposed scaffold for a co-culture system helps hepatocytes to maintain specific in vivo functions. These hierarchically inverse opal scaffolds lay the foundation for 3D cell culture and even the construction of biomimetic tissues.

Keywords： Microfluidics     Inverse opal     Cell culture     Droplet     Biomaterial    

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Modeling and simulation of droplet translocation and fission by electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD)

Nathan HOWELL, Weihua LI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 376-388 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0104-z

Abstract: Digital or droplet microfluidics implies the manipulation of droplets on a scale of nanoliters (10 L) to femtoliters (10 L), as opposed to continuous microfluidics that involve the control of continuous

Keywords： electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD)     electrowetting     microfluidics     droplet translocation     droplet fission    

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Rotation of Biological Cells: Fundamentals and Applications Review

Tao Tang, Yoichiroh Hosokawa, Takeshi Hayakawa, Yo Tanaka, Weihua Li, Ming Li, Yaxiaer Yalikun

Engineering 2022, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 110-126 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.031

Abstract:

Cell rotation is one of the most important techniques for cell manipulation in modern bioscience, as it not only permits cell observation from any arbitrary angle, but also simplifies the procedures for analyzing the mechanical properties of cells, characterizing cell physiology, and performing microsurgery. Numerous approaches have been reported for rotating cells in a wide range of academic and industrial applications. Among them, the most popular are micro-robot-based direct contact manipulation and field-based non-contact methods (e.g., optical, magnetic, electric, acoustic, and hydrodynamic methods). This review first summarizes the fundamental mechanisms, merits, and demerits of these six main groups of approaches, and then discusses their differences and limitations in detail. We aim to bridge the gap between each method and illustrate the development progress, current advances, and prospects in the field of cell rotation.

Keywords： Cell rotation     Cell reorientation     Micromanipulation     Microfluidics    

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Microfluidic dual loops reactor for conducting a multistep reaction

Si Hyung Jin, Jae-Hoon Jung, Seong-Geun Jeong, Jongmin Kim, Tae Jung Park, Chang-Soo Lee

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2,   Pages 239-246 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1680-9

Abstract: Precise control of each individual reaction that constitutes a multistep reaction must be performed to obtain the desired reaction product efficiently. In this work, we present a microfluidic dual loops reactor that enables multistep reaction by integrating two identical loop reactors. Specifically, reactants A and B are synthesized in the first loop reactor and transferred to the second loop reactor to synthesize with reactant C to form the final product. These individual reactions have nano-liter volumes and are carried out in a stepwise manner in each reactor without any cross-contamination issue. To precisely control the mixing efficiency in each loop reactor, we investigate the operating pressure and the operating frequency on the mixing valves for rotary mixing. This microfluidic dual loops reactor is integrated with several valves to realize the fully automated unit operation of a multistep reaction, such as metering the reactants, rotary mixing, transportation, and collecting the product. For proof of concept, CdSeZn nanoparticles are successfully synthesized in a microfluidic dual loops reactor through a fully automated multistep reaction. Taking all of these features together, this microfluidic dual loops reactor is a general microfluidic screening platform that can synthesize various materials through a multistep reaction.

Keywords： microfluidics     multistep reaction     rotary mixing     nanoparticle    

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A review on emulsification via microfluidic processes

Yichen Liu, Yongli Li, Andreas Hensel, Juergen J. Brandner, Kai zhang, Xiaoze Du, Yongping Yang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3,   Pages 350-364 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1894-0

Abstract: Compared to conventional methods, the microfluidics-based process can produce controllable droplet size

Keywords： microfluidics     emulsification     capillary number     droplet breakup    

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Ionically Imprinting-Based Copper (Ⅱ) Label-Free Detection for Preventing Hearing Loss Article

Huan Wang, Hui Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Hong Chen, Ling Lu, Renjie Chai

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.001

Abstract:

Copper is a microelement with important physiological functions in the body. However, the excess copper ion (Cu2+) may cause severe health problems, such as hair cell apoptosis and the resultant hearing loss. Therefore, the assay of Cu2+ is important. We integrate ionic imprinting technology (IIT) and structurally colored hydrogel beads to prepare chitosan-based ionically imprinted hydrogel beads (IIHBs) as a low-cost and high-specificity platform for Cu2+ detection. The IIHBs have a macroporous microstructure, uniform size, vivid structural color, and magnetic responsiveness. When incubated in solution, IIHBs recognize Cu2+ and exhibit a reflective peak change, thereby achieving label-free detection. In addition, benefiting from the IIT, the IIHBs display good specificity and selectivity and have an imprinting factor of 19.14 at 100 lmol∙L–1. These features indicated that the developed IIHBs are promising candidates for Cu2+ detection, particularly for the prevention of hearing loss.

Keywords： Structural color     Microfluidics Ionic imprinting     Label-free detection     Hearing loss    

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Characterization of particle deposition during crossflow filtration as influenced by permeate flux and crossflow velocity using a microfluidic filtration system

Hongzhan Di, Gregory J. O. Martin, Dave E. Dunstan

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 552-561 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1962-5

Abstract: Particle deposition during crossflow filtration is significantly influenced by the operating conditions, in particular the permeate flux and crossflow velocity. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge about how deposit layer structures and distributions depend on operating parameters. This study uses a microfluidic visualisation filtration system to examine the influence of operating conditions on the deposition process during crossflow ultrafiltration from a microscopic perspective. Increasing the permeate flux caused an increasing amount of deposition and a thicker deposit layer. Higher crossflow velocities reduced the extent of deposition. The degree of deposition varied over a range of operating conditions due to the altered hydrodynamic forces exerted on the particles, which can be examined by the deposition probability according to an existing model. Building on this, an empirical correlation between the deposition probability and volume of deposition as function of filtration time was developed, which gave good agreement with experimental results. The effect of solution conditions was also involved in this correlation as a interaction energies. This could be useful for predicting the dynamic deposition process during crossflow filtration over a range of operating and solution conditions.

Keywords： particle deposition     crossflow filtration     microfluidics     confocal microscopy    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Digital microfluidics: A promising technique for biochemical applications

He WANG, Liguo CHEN, Lining SUN

Journal Article

Porous ultrathin-shell microcapsules designed by microfluidics for selective permeation and stimuli-triggered

Journal Article

Microfluidics for Medical Additive Manufacturing

Jie Wang, Changmin Shao, Yuetong Wang, Lingyun Sun, Yuanjin Zhao

Journal Article

Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

Journal Article

Mechanically Strong Proteinaceous Fibers: Engineered Fabrication by Microfluidics

Jing Sun, Jingsi Chen, Kai Liu, Hongbo Zeng

Journal Article

Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review

Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng

Journal Article

Hierarchically Inverse Opal Porous Scaffolds from Droplet Microfluidics for Biomimetic 3D Cell Co-Culture

Changmin Shao, Yuxiao Liu, Junjie Chi, Fangfu Ye, Yuanjin Zhao

Journal Article

Modeling and simulation of droplet translocation and fission by electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD)

Nathan HOWELL, Weihua LI

Journal Article

Rotation of Biological Cells: Fundamentals and Applications

Tao Tang, Yoichiroh Hosokawa, Takeshi Hayakawa, Yo Tanaka, Weihua Li, Ming Li, Yaxiaer Yalikun

Journal Article

Microfluidic dual loops reactor for conducting a multistep reaction

Si Hyung Jin, Jae-Hoon Jung, Seong-Geun Jeong, Jongmin Kim, Tae Jung Park, Chang-Soo Lee

Journal Article

A review on emulsification via microfluidic processes

Yichen Liu, Yongli Li, Andreas Hensel, Juergen J. Brandner, Kai zhang, Xiaoze Du, Yongping Yang

Journal Article

Weitz: Soft Functional Materials Prepared by Microfluidics (2019-6-15)

David A.Weitz(院士)

20 Jan 2021

Conference Videos

Ionically Imprinting-Based Copper (Ⅱ) Label-Free Detection for Preventing Hearing Loss

Huan Wang, Hui Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Hong Chen, Ling Lu, Renjie Chai

Journal Article

Characterization of particle deposition during crossflow filtration as influenced by permeate flux and crossflow velocity using a microfluidic filtration system

Hongzhan Di, Gregory J. O. Martin, Dave E. Dunstan

Journal Article

Leong：Can Microfluidics Address the Biomanufacturing Challenge of Drug-Gene-Celltherap（2019-6-15）

Kam. W. Leong(院士)

20 Jan 2021

Conference Videos