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A BCH error correction scheme applied to FPGA with embedded memory Research Articles

Yang Liu, Jie Li, Han Wang, Debiao Zhang, Kaiqiang Feng, Jinqiang Li,lylyly357@163.com,lijie@nuc.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 8,   Pages 1127-1139 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000323

Abstract: Given the potential for bit flipping of data on a memory medium, a high-speed parallel Hocquenghem (BCHmethod for each part of the system and analyze the realization process of this scheme in the case of the BCH

Keywords： 纠错算法；Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem（BCH）码；现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）；闪存    

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Dynamic power-gating for leakage power reduction in FPGAs Research Article

Hadi JAHANIRAD,h.jahanirad@uok.ac.ir

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 4,   Pages 582-598 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200084

Abstract: The proposed low-leakage FPGA architecture is compared with state-of-the-art architectures by implementingMicroelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC) benchmark circuits on FPGA-SPICE software.

Keywords： Field programmable gate array (FPGA)     Leakage power     Power-gating     Transistor-level circuit design    

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Design and implementation of various datapath architectures for the ANU lightweight cipher on an FPGA Personal View

Vijay DAHIPHALE, Gaurav BANSOD, Ankur ZAMBARE, Narayan PISHAROTY

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 4,   Pages 615-628 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800681

Abstract: implemented at 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-bit datapath sizes on four different field-programmable gate array (FPGA

Keywords： Lightweight cryptography     Internet of Things (IoT)     Embedded security     Encryption     FPGA     Datapath design    

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Implementation of PRINCE with resource-efficient structures based on FPGAs Research Articles

Lang Li, Jingya Feng, Botao Liu, Ying Guo, Qiuping Li,lilang911@126.com,fengjyk@126.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1505-1516 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000688

Abstract: In this era of pervasive computing, low-resource devices have been deployed in various fields. is a designed for low latency, and is suitable for pervasive computing applications. In this paper, we propose new circuit structures for components by sharing and simplifying logic circuits, to achieve the goal of using a smaller number of logic gates to obtain the same result. Based on the new circuit structures of components and the best sharing among components, we propose three new hardware architectures for . The architectures are simulated and synthesized on different programmable gate array devices. The results on Virtex-6 show that compared with existing architectures, the resource consumption of the unrolled, , and two-cycle architectures is reduced by 73, 119, and 380 slices, respectively. The architecture costs only 137 slices. The unrolled architecture costs 409 slices and has a throughput of 5.34 Gb/s. To our knowledge, for the hardware implementation of , the new architecture sets new area records, and the new unrolled architecture sets new throughput records. Therefore, the newly proposed architectures are more resource-efficient and suitable for lightweight, latency-critical applications.

Keywords： 轻量级分组密码；现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）；低成本；PRINCE；嵌入式安全    

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A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array Article

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 100-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.015

Abstract:

Reconfigurable antennas are becoming a major antenna technology for future wireless communications and sensing systems. It is known that, with a single linear polarization (LP) reconfigurable antenna element, a preferred polarization can be produced from a set of multiple polarization states, thus improving the quality of the communication link. This paper presents a new concept of a polarization programmable reconfigurable antenna array that consists of a number of polarization reconfigurable antenna elements with a finite number of possible polarization states. By employing a new optimization strategy and programming the polarization states of all the array elements, we demonstrate that it is possible to realize any desired LP in the vectorial array radiation pattern with accurate control of sidelobe and crosspolarization levels (XPLs), thereby achieving the desired polarization to perfectly match that of the required communications signal. Both numerical and experimental results are provided to prove the concept, and they agree well with each other.

Keywords： 阵列天线     极化可编程天线     可重构天线    

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Correspondence: A low-profile dual-polarization programmable dual-beam scanning antenna array Perspective

Shichao ZHU, Yuanfan NING, Hongbo CHU, Pei XIAO, Gaosheng LI,Gaosheng7070@vip.163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 10,   Pages 1504-1512 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2300253

Abstract: A low-profile dual-polarization dual-beam scanning antenna array based on holographic control theory is presented in this paper. The radiating elements are ingeniously designed to achieve reconfigurable polarization and modulation of the radiation phase by controlling the state of the PIN diodes integrated on each element. A 72-channel series-parallel equal-amplitude and in-phase feeding network is integrated with the radiating array to achieve low-profile characteristics. The two-dimensional (2D) dynamic and accurate deflection of the beam is achieved by a designed direct current (DC) bias circuit that digitally encodes the antenna array using the single-chip microcontroller. A 2-element subarray and a 6×12 array have been fabricated and the digitally controllable radiation pattern of this antenna system has been experimentally verified. The antenna system can achieve the beam scanning of -30° to 30° with a step-scan of 5° at 11 GHz. The proposed antenna system is characterized by low profile, low cost, easy integration, and accurate beam steering, and holds broad application prospects in radar systems, smart antennas, and other fields.
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Novel architectures and security solutions of programmable software-defined networking: a comprehensive survey None

Shen WANG, Jun WU, Wu YANG, Long-hua GUO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 12,   Pages 1500-1521 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800575

Abstract:

Nowadays, cyberspace has become a vital part of social infrastructure. With the rapid development of the scale of networks, applications and services have become enriched, and the bearing function of the underlying network devices (such as switches and routers) has also been extended. To promote the dynamics architecture, high-level security, and high quality of service of the network, control network architecture forward separation is a development trend of the networking technology. Currently, software-defined networking (SDN) is one of the most popular and promising technologies. In SDN, high-level strategies are deployed by the proprietary equipment, which is used to guide the data forwarding of the network equipment. This can reduce many complicated functions of the network equipment and improve the flexibility and operability of the implementation and deployment of new network technologies and protocols. However, this novel networking technology faces novel challenges in term of architecture and security. The aim of this study is to offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on novel advances of programmable SDN, and to highlight what has been investigated and what remains to be addressed, particularly, in terms of architecture and security.

Keywords： Software-defined networking (SDN)     Security     Programmable    

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Programmable Adaptive Security Scanning for Networked Microgrids Article

Zimin Jiang, Zefan Tang, Peng Zhang, Yanyuan Qin

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 8,   Pages 1087-1100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.007

Abstract:

Communication-dependent and software-based distributed energy resources (DERs) are extensively integrated into modern microgrids, providing extensive benefits such as increased distributed controllability, scalability, and observability. However, malicious cyber-attackers can exploit various potential vulnerabilities. In this study, a programmable adaptive security scanning (PASS) approach is presented to protect DER inverters against various power-bot attacks. Specifically, three different types of attacks, namely controller manipulation, replay, and injection attacks, are considered. This approach employs both software-defined networking technique and a novel coordinated detection method capable of enabling programmable and scalable networked microgrids (NMs) in an ultra-resilient, time-saving, and autonomous manner. The coordinated detection method efficiently identifies the location and type of power-bot attacks without disrupting normal NM operations. Extensive simulation results validate the efficacy and practicality of the PASS for securing NMs.

Keywords： Networked microgrids     Programmable adaptive security scanning     Coordinated detection     Software defined networking    

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Status quo and outlook of reconfigurable research

Li Yufeng,Qiu Han,Lan Julong

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 7,   Pages 82-89

Abstract: Run-time reconfiguration (RTR), based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), is a new promisingAfter introducing the basic concepts of RTR and the current development of the FPGA, this paper summarizes

Keywords： internet     reconfigurable router     reconfigurable network     programmable hardware    

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Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories None

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 11,   Pages 1328-1339 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601843

Abstract:

Cabled seafloor observatories play an important role in ocean exploration for its long-term, real-time, and in-situ observation characteristics. In establishing a permanent, reliable, and robust seafloor observatory, a highly reliable cable switching and fault isolation method is essential. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of existing switching methods, we propose a novel active switching method for network configuration. Without additional communication path requirements, the switching method provides a way to communicate with a shore station through an existing power transmission path. A coded voltage signal with a distinct sequence is employed as the communication medium to transmit commands. The analysis of the maximum bit frequency of the voltage signals guarantees the accuracy of command recognition. A prototype based on the switching method is built and tested in a laboratory environment, which validated the functionality and reliability of the method.

Keywords： Cabled seafloor observatories     Cable switching and fault isolation     Coded voltage signal     Maximum bit frequency    

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Correction of array failure using grey wolf optimizer hybridized with an interior point algorithm None

Shafqat Ullah KHAN, M. K. A. RAHIM, Liaqat ALI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 9,   Pages 1191-1202 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601694

Abstract:

We design a grey wolf optimizer hybridized with an interior point algorithm to correct a faulty antenna array. If a single sensor fails, the radiation power pattern of the entire array is disturbed in terms of sidelobe level (SLL) and null depth level (NDL), and nulls are damaged and shifted from their original locations. All these issues can be solved by designing a new fitness function to reduce the error between the preferred and expected radiation power patterns and the null limitations. The hybrid algorithm has been designed to control the array’s faulty radiation power pattern. Antenna arrays composed of 21 sensors are used in an example simulation scenario. The MATLAB simulation results confirm the good performance of the proposed method, compared with the existing methods in terms of SLL and NDL.

Keywords： Failure correction     Grey wolf optimizer     Interior point algorithm     Sidelobes     Deeper null depth level    

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NIPAD: a non-invasive power-based anomaly detection scheme for programmable logic controllers Article

Yu-jun XIAO, Wen-yuan XU, Zhen-hua JIA, Zhuo-ran MA, Dong-lian QI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4,   Pages 519-534 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601540

Abstract: Industrial control systems (ICSs) are widely used in critical infrastructures, making them popular targets for attacks to cause catastrophic physical damage. As one of the most critical components in ICSs, the programmable logic controller (PLC) controls the actuators directly. A PLC executing a malicious program can cause significant property loss or even casualties. The number of attacks targeted at PLCs has increased noticeably over the last few years, exposing the vulnerability of the PLC and the importance of PLC protection. Unfortunately, PLCs cannot be protected by traditional intrusion detection systems or antivirus software. Thus, an effective method for PLC protection is yet to be designed. Motivated by these concerns, we propose a non-invasive powerbased anomaly detection scheme for PLCs. The basic idea is to detect malicious software execution in a PLC through analyzing its power consumption, which is measured by inserting a shunt resistor in series with the CPU in a PLC while it is executing instructions. To analyze the power measurements, we extract a discriminative feature set from the power trace, and then train a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network with the features of normal samples to predict the next time step of a normal sample. Finally, an abnormal sample is identified through comparing the predicted sample and the actual sample. The advantages of our method are that it requires no software modification on the original system and is able to detect unknown attacks effectively. The method is evaluated on a lab testbed, and for a trojan attack whose difference from the normal program is around 0.63%, the detection accuracy reaches 99.83%.

Keywords： Industrial control system     Programmable logic controller     Side-channel     Anomaly detection     Long short-term memory neural networks    

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A Smart Metasurface for Electromagnetic Manipulation Based on Speech Recognition Article

Lin Bai, Yuan Ke Liu, Liang Xu, Zheng Zhang, Qiang Wang, Wei Xiang Jiang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Tie Jun Cui

Engineering 2023, Volume 22, Issue 3,   Pages 185-190 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.026

Abstract:

In this work, we propose and realize a smart metasurface for programming electromagnetic (EM) manipulations based on human speech recognition. The smart metasurface platform is composed of a digital coding metasurface, a speech-recognition module, a single-chip computer, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit, and can control EM waves according to pre-stored voice commands in a smart way. The constructed digital metasurface contains 6 × 6 super unit cells, each of which consists of 4 × 4 active elements with embedded varactor diodes. Together with the DAC and single-chip computer, the speech-recognition module can recognize voice commands and generate corresponding voltage sequences to control the metasurface. In addition, a genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted in the design of the metasurface for efficiently optimizing the phase distributions. To verify the performance of the smart metasurface platform, three typical functions are demonstrated: radar cross-section reduction, vortex beam generation, and beam splitting. The proposed strategy may offer a new avenue for controlling EM waves and establishing a link between EM and acoustic communications.

Keywords： Speech recognition     Programmable metasurface     Genetic algorithm     Smart electromagnetic manipulation    

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Programming bare-metal accelerators with heterogeneous threading models: a case study of Matrix-3000 Research Article

Jianbin FANG, Peng ZHANG, Chun HUANG, Tao TANG, Kai LU, Ruibo WANG, Zheng WANG,j.fang@nudt.edu.cn,zhangpeng13a@nudt.edu.cn,chunhuang@nudt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 4,   Pages 509-520 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200359

Abstract: As the hardware industry moves toward using specialized heterogeneous many-core processors to avoid the effects of the power wall, software developers are finding it hard to deal with the complexity of these systems. In this paper, we share our experience of developing a programming model and its supporting compiler and libraries for Matrix-3000, which is designed for next-generation exascale supercomputers but has a complex memory hierarchy and processor organization. To assist its software development, we have developed a software stack from scratch that includes a low-level programming interface and a high-level OpenCL compiler. Our low-level programming model offers native programming support for using the bare-metal accelerators of Matrix-3000, while the high-level model allows programmers to use the OpenCL programming standard. We detail our design choices and highlight the lessons learned from developing system software to enable the programming of bare-metal accelerators. Our programming models have been deployed in the production environment of an exascale prototype system.

Keywords： Heterogeneous computing     Parallel programming models     Programmability     Compilers     Runtime systems    

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Joint Modulations of Electromagnetic Waves and Digital Signals on A Single Metasurface Platform to Reach Programmable Wireless Communications Article

Xiang Wan, Chaokun Xiao, He Huang, Qiang Xiao, Wei Xu, Yueheng Li, Joerg Eisenbeis, Jiawei Wang, Ziai Huang, Qiang Cheng, Shi Jin, Thomas Zwick, Tiejun Cui

Engineering 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 86-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.016

Abstract:

In current wireless communication and electronic systems, digital signals and electromagnetic (EM) radiation are processed by different modules. Here, we propose a mechanism to fuse the modulation of digital signals and the manipulation of EM radiation on a single programmable metasurface. The programmable metasurface consists of massive subwavelength-scale digital coding elements. A set of digital states of all elements forms simultaneous digital information roles for modulation and the wave-control sequence code of the programmable metasurface. By designing digital coding sequences in the spatial and temporal domains, the digital information and far-field patterns of the programmable metasurface can be programmed simultaneously and instantly in desired ways. For the experimental demonstration of the mechanism, we present a programmable wireless communication system. The same system can realize transmissions of digital information in single-channel modes with beam-steerable capability and multichannel modes with multiple independent information. The measured results show the excellent performance of the programmable system. This work provides excellent prospects for applications in fifth- or sixth-generation wireless communications and modern intelligent platforms for unmanned aircrafts and vehicles.

Keywords： joint radar and communication     programmable metasurface     massive multiple-in and multiple-out    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A BCH error correction scheme applied to FPGA with embedded memory

Yang Liu, Jie Li, Han Wang, Debiao Zhang, Kaiqiang Feng, Jinqiang Li,lylyly357@163.com,lijie@nuc.edu.cn

Journal Article

Dynamic power-gating for leakage power reduction in FPGAs

Hadi JAHANIRAD,h.jahanirad@uok.ac.ir

Journal Article

Design and implementation of various datapath architectures for the ANU lightweight cipher on an FPGA

Vijay DAHIPHALE, Gaurav BANSOD, Ankur ZAMBARE, Narayan PISHAROTY

Journal Article

Implementation of PRINCE with resource-efficient structures based on FPGAs

Lang Li, Jingya Feng, Botao Liu, Ying Guo, Qiuping Li,lilang911@126.com,fengjyk@126.com

Journal Article

A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Journal Article

Correspondence: A low-profile dual-polarization programmable dual-beam scanning antenna array

Shichao ZHU, Yuanfan NING, Hongbo CHU, Pei XIAO, Gaosheng LI,Gaosheng7070@vip.163.com

Journal Article

Novel architectures and security solutions of programmable software-defined networking: a comprehensive survey

Shen WANG, Jun WU, Wu YANG, Long-hua GUO

Journal Article

Programmable Adaptive Security Scanning for Networked Microgrids

Zimin Jiang, Zefan Tang, Peng Zhang, Yanyuan Qin

Journal Article

Status quo and outlook of reconfigurable research

Li Yufeng,Qiu Han,Lan Julong

Journal Article

Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Correction of array failure using grey wolf optimizer hybridized with an interior point algorithm

Shafqat Ullah KHAN, M. K. A. RAHIM, Liaqat ALI

Journal Article

NIPAD: a non-invasive power-based anomaly detection scheme for programmable logic controllers

Yu-jun XIAO, Wen-yuan XU, Zhen-hua JIA, Zhuo-ran MA, Dong-lian QI

Journal Article

A Smart Metasurface for Electromagnetic Manipulation Based on Speech Recognition

Lin Bai, Yuan Ke Liu, Liang Xu, Zheng Zhang, Qiang Wang, Wei Xiang Jiang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Tie Jun Cui

Journal Article

Programming bare-metal accelerators with heterogeneous threading models: a case study of Matrix-3000

Jianbin FANG, Peng ZHANG, Chun HUANG, Tao TANG, Kai LU, Ruibo WANG, Zheng WANG,j.fang@nudt.edu.cn,zhangpeng13a@nudt.edu.cn,chunhuang@nudt.edu.cn

Journal Article

Joint Modulations of Electromagnetic Waves and Digital Signals on A Single Metasurface Platform to Reach Programmable Wireless Communications

Xiang Wan, Chaokun Xiao, He Huang, Qiang Xiao, Wei Xu, Yueheng Li, Joerg Eisenbeis, Jiawei Wang, Ziai Huang, Qiang Cheng, Shi Jin, Thomas Zwick, Tiejun Cui

Journal Article