2025-01-01 , Volume 44 Issue 1

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    Engineering
    [Author(id=1162124180852368231, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994395837653705, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124180978197353, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994395837653705, authorId=1162124180852368231, language=EN, stringName=Zhou Ji, firstName=Zhou, middleName=null, lastName=Ji, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124181104026474, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994395837653705, authorId=1162124180852368231, language=CN, stringName=周济, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124181234049900, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994395837653705, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124181359879021, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994395837653705, authorId=1162124181234049900, language=EN, stringName=Raj Reddy, firstName=Raj, middleName=null, lastName=Reddy, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124181481513838, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994395837653705, authorId=1162124181234049900, language=CN, stringName=Raj Reddy, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Zhou Ji , Raj Reddy

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
  • research-article
    Development Trends and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing Metamaterials
    [Author(id=1208438909806424957, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bosong@hust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438909940642689, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438909806424957, language=EN, stringName=Bo Song, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=Song, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, *, address=aState Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438909995168644, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910141969289, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438909995168644, language=EN, stringName=Shaoji Zhang, firstName=Shaoji, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aState Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438910230049678, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910381044628, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438910230049678, language=EN, stringName=Lei Zhang, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=aState Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
    bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438910519456664, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910645285786, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438910519456664, language=EN, stringName=Yusheng Shi, firstName=Yusheng, middleName=null, lastName=Shi, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aState Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438911651918759, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bosong@hust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438911911965610, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438911651918759, language=CN, stringName=宋波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438911979074476, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438912092320688, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438911979074476, language=CN, stringName=张邵基, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438912151040947, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438912268481465, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438912151040947, language=CN, stringName=张磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
    b.Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438912323007419, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438912398504894, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992110273323252, authorId=1208438912323007419, language=CN, stringName=史玉升, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Bo Song , Shaoji Zhang , Lei Zhang , Yusheng Shi

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    My Journey with Semiconductors
    [Author(id=1208438910519456665, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159986895587434770, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=kn_kim@samsung.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910783697819, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159986895587434770, authorId=1208438910519456665, language=EN, stringName=Kinam Kim, firstName=Kinam, middleName=null, lastName=Kim, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438911177962404, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159986895587434770, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=kn_kim@samsung.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438911693861801, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159986895587434770, authorId=1208438911177962404, language=CN, stringName=Kinam Kim, firstName=Kinam, middleName=null, lastName=Kim, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=The National Academy of Engineering of Korea, Korea Technology Center, Seoul 06152, Republic of Korea, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Kinam Kim

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Immunotherapy: Navigating Challenges and Unlocking Opportunities
    [Author(id=1208438919310717139, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=w.xiang@latrobe.edu.au, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438919407186136, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438919310717139, language=EN, stringName=Wei Xiang, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=Xiang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, *, address=aAustralian Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Innovation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    bSchool of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438919579152606, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438919671427298, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438919579152606, language=EN, stringName=Lu Yu, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=Yu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=aAustralian Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Innovation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    bSchool of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438919767896293, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438920048914671, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438919767896293, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyuan Chen, firstName=Xiaoyuan, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, address=cDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
    dDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
    eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
    fDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
    gClinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
    hNanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
    iTheranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    jInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438920149577970, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438920334127355, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438920149577970, language=EN, stringName=Marco J. Herold, firstName=Marco J., middleName=null, lastName=Herold, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=k, l, m, n, address=kOlivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
    lSchool of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    mThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
    nDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438922959761731, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=w.xiang@latrobe.edu.au, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438923102368079, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438922959761731, language=CN, stringName=向维, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a.Australian Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Innovation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    b.School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438923152699731, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438923316277595, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438923152699731, language=CN, stringName=于璐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a.Australian Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Innovation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    b.School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438923421135199, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438924020920685, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438923421135199, language=CN, stringName=陈小元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, address=c.Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
    d.Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
    e.Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
    f.Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
    g.Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
    h.Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
    i.Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    j.Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438924109001074, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438924255801724, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994398790443723, authorId=1208438924109001074, language=CN, stringName=Marco J. Herold, firstName=Marco J., middleName=null, lastName=Herold, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=k, l, m, n, address=k.Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
    l.School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    m.The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
    n.Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Wei Xiang , Lu Yu , Xiaoyuan Chen , Marco J. Herold

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Challenges in the Large-Scale Deployment of CCUS
    [Author(id=1162124184769848223, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhenhuarui@gmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124184992146343, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, authorId=1162124184769848223, language=EN, stringName=Zhenhua Rui, firstName=Zhenhua, middleName=null, lastName=Rui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, *, address=aState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    bSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    cCollege of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124185138946987, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, authorId=1162124184769848223, language=CN, stringName=芮振华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, *, address=aState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    bSchool of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    cCollege of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124185260581809, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124185419965367, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, authorId=1162124185260581809, language=EN, stringName=Lianbo Zeng, firstName=Lianbo, middleName=null, lastName=Zeng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124185545794489, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, authorId=1162124185260581809, language=CN, stringName=曾联波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124185667429309, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bdindoruk@uh.edu, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124185839395776, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, authorId=1162124185667429309, language=EN, stringName=Birol Dindoruk, firstName=Birol, middleName=null, lastName=Dindoruk, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, *, address=dDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124185956836289, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994399360869068, authorId=1162124185667429309, language=CN, stringName=Birol Dindoruk, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, *, address=dDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Zhenhua Rui , Lianbo Zeng , Birol Dindoruk

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    The Present and Future of Smart Construction Technologies
    [Author(id=1208438907877045073, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994384840188615, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mirek@umd.edu, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438907927376723, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994384840188615, authorId=1208438907877045073, language=EN, stringName=Mirosław J. Skibniewski, firstName=Mirosław J., middleName=null, lastName=Skibniewski, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438908082565981, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994384840188615, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mirek@umd.edu, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438908233560927, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994384840188615, authorId=1208438908082565981, language=CN, stringName=Mirosław J. Skibniewski, firstName=Mirosław J., middleName=null, lastName=Skibniewski, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-3021, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Mirosław J. Skibniewski

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    A Discussion on the Complexity and Transit Mechanisms of Urban Traffic Systems
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    cSchool of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438908213449474, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438908301529863, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438908213449474, language=EN, stringName=Bin Jia, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=Jia, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aSchool of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438908360250124, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438908435747604, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438908360250124, language=EN, stringName=Dongfan Xie, firstName=Dongfan, middleName=null, lastName=Xie, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aSchool of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438908486079256, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438908616102686, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438908486079256, language=EN, stringName=Wenxu Wang, firstName=Wenxu, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=bSchool of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438908679017248, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438908813234978, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438908679017248, language=EN, stringName=Jianjun Wu, firstName=Jianjun, middleName=null, lastName=Wu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=cSchool of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438909555626801, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zygao@bjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438909689844535, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438909555626801, language=CN, stringName=高自友, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=a.School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    c.School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438909769536316, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438909928919872, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438909769536316, language=CN, stringName=贾斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438910012805955, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910126052168, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438910012805955, language=CN, stringName=谢东繁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438910239298382, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910381904724, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438910239298382, language=CN, stringName=王文旭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b.School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438910587425628, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438910696477536, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993078742311693, authorId=1208438910587425628, language=CN, stringName=吴建军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c.School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Ziyou Gao , Bin Jia , Dongfan Xie , Wenxu Wang , Jianjun Wu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research Next Ten Years: Create a Better Future—Perspective
  • research-article
    Strategies and Advances in the Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Products
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    bGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    cCenter for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438914739785784, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438914899169348, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438914739785784, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-Zhang Duan, firstName=Zhi-Zhang, middleName=null, lastName=Duan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, address=aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    bGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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    bGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    cCenter for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438915234713684, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chywc@aliyun.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438915415068763, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438915234713684, language=EN, stringName=Wen-Cai Ye, firstName=Wen-Cai, middleName=null, lastName=Ye, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, *, address=aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    bGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    cCenter for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438915498954847, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chect@uic.edu, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438915960328291, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438915498954847, language=EN, stringName=Chun-Tao Che, firstName=Chun-Tao, middleName=null, lastName=Che, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, *, address=dDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, Retzky College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438916530753656, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438916727885961, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438916530753656, language=CN, stringName=胡利军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    b.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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    b.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    c.Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438916950184102, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangying_cpu@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438917059236020, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438916950184102, language=CN, stringName=王英, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    b.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    c.Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438917138927803, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chywc@aliyun.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438917306699975, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438917138927803, language=CN, stringName=叶文才, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    b.Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    c.Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438917378003148, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chect@uic.edu, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438917516415188, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993716263936891, authorId=1208438917378003148, language=CN, stringName=车镇涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=d.Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Retzky College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Li-Jun Hu , Zhi-Zhang Duan , Ying Wang , Wen-Cai Ye , Chun-Tao Che

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Mechanistic and Translational Research on Bidirectional Complications among Chronic Conditions, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Chinab Central Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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    Zhiguo Wang , Baofeng Yang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Coupled Urban Risks: A Complex Systems Perspective with a People-Centric Focus
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aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Min Ouyang , Zekai Cheng , Jiaxin Ma , Hongwei Wang , Stergios Aristoteles Mitoulis

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research Next Ten Years: Create a Better Future—Review
  • research-article
    Acoustofluidics at Audible Frequencies—A Review
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    b.State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shannxi, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Chuanyu Zhang , Philippe Brunet , Shuo Liu , Xiaofeng Guo , Laurent Royon , Xianming Qin , Xueyong Wei

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Recent Advances in Intracortical Neural Interfaces for Freely Moving Animals: Technologies and Applications
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    bNational Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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    b.National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    c.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438932535358084, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993760778085288, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438932770239118, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993760778085288, authorId=1208438932535358084, language=CN, stringName=刘景全, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=d.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438932908651154, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993760778085288, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438933311304351, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993760778085288, authorId=1208438932908651154, language=CN, stringName=王宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b.National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    c.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438933370024609, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993760778085288, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wyr@mail.ie.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438933877535400, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993760778085288, authorId=1208438933370024609, language=CN, stringName=吴一戎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, address=a.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    b.National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    c.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Xinxia Cai , Zhaojie Xu , Jingquan Liu , Robert Wang , Yirong Wu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Knowledge-Empowered, Collaborative, and Co-Evolving AI Models: The Post-LLM Roadmap
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authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438933383467884, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993711285298041, authorId=1208438933286998890, language=CN, stringName=潘云鹤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Fei Wu , Tao Shen , Thomas Bäck , Jingyuan Chen , Gang Huang , Yaochu Jin , Kun Kuang , Mengze Li , Cewu Lu , Jiaxu Miao , Yongwei Wang , Ying Wei , Fan Wu , Junchi Yan , Hongxia Yang , Yi Yang , Shengyu Zhang , Zhou Zhao , Yueting Zhuang , Yunhe Pan

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Intelligent Covert Communication: Recent Advances and Future Research Trends
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emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438923115811257, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993810262483908, authorId=1208438922977399220, language=CN, stringName=Tony Q. S. Quek, firstName=Tony Q. S., middleName=null, lastName=Quek, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c.Information System Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Zan Li , Jia Shi , Jiangbo Si , Lu Lv , Lei Guan , Benjian Hao , Zhuangzhuang Tie , Danyang Wang , Chengwen Xing , Tony Q.S. Quek

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
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    bState Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124272246252388, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, authorId=1162124271919096672, language=CN, stringName=李皓玥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=aDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124272367887206, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124272569213803, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, authorId=1162124272367887206, language=EN, stringName=Jing Yang, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=aDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124272690848620, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, authorId=1162124272367887206, language=CN, stringName=杨静, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=aDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124272812483440, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lei_zhang@tju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124273059947384, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, authorId=1162124272812483440, language=EN, stringName=Lei Zhang, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, d, *, address=aDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300072, China
    dHaihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transfonnations, Tianjin 300192, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124273181582203, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994465416962856, authorId=1162124272812483440, language=CN, stringName=张雷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, d, *, address=aDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300072, China
    dHaihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transfonnations, Tianjin 300192, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Xinmeng Liu , Zhiquan Shu , Liming Zhang , Haoyue Li , Jing Yang , Lei Zhang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Mixing Intensification for Advanced Materials Manufacturing
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    dResearch Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Chao Yang , Guang-Wen Chu , Xin Feng , Yan-Bin Li , Jie Chen , Dan Wang , Xiaoxia Duan , Jian-Feng Chen

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Metamaterials: The Art in Materials Science
    [Author(id=1208438942333252513, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438942379389860, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, authorId=1208438942333252513, language=EN, stringName=Jingbo Sun, firstName=Jingbo, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438942782043052, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhouji@tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438942836569007, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, authorId=1208438942782043052, language=EN, stringName=Ji Zhou, firstName=Ji, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438943025312699, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438943201473477, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, authorId=1208438943025312699, language=CN, stringName=孙竞博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438943402800075, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhouji@tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438943528629199, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159993853463814156, authorId=1208438943402800075, language=CN, stringName=周济, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Jingbo Sun , Ji Zhou

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Challenges, Progress, and Prospects of Ultra-Long Deep Tunnels in the Extremely Complex Environment of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau
    [Author(id=1162123844347552710, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162123844485964744, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, authorId=1162123844347552710, language=EN, stringName=Yong Zhao, firstName=Yong, middleName=null, lastName=Zhao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aTibet Railway Construction Corporation, Lhasa 850000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162123844595016649, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, authorId=1162123844347552710, language=CN, stringName=赵勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aTibet Railway Construction Corporation, Lhasa 850000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162123844699874251, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=du_yanliang@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162123844876035022, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, authorId=1162123844699874251, language=EN, stringName=Yanliang Du, firstName=Yanliang, middleName=null, lastName=Du, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, *, address=bNational Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
    cKey Laboratory of Structural Health Monitoring and Control, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162123844980892623, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, authorId=1162123844699874251, language=CN, stringName=杜彦良, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, *, address=bNational Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
    cKey Laboratory of Structural Health Monitoring and Control, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162123845089944529, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162123845232550867, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, authorId=1162123845089944529, language=EN, stringName=Qixiang Yan, firstName=Qixiang, middleName=null, lastName=Yan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=dState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162123845337408468, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159988311479607297, authorId=1162123845089944529, language=CN, stringName=晏启祥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=dState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Yong Zhao , Yanliang Du , Qixiang Yan

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Digital Twin Enabling Technologies for Advancing Road Engineering and Lifecycle Applications
    [Author(id=1162124260116325104, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124260279902963, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124260116325104, language=EN, stringName=Yu Yan, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=Yan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124260405732084, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, 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stringName=Lei Ni, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=Ni, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, *, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124260812579577, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124260527366902, language=CN, stringName=倪磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, *, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124260934214395, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124261106180861, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124260934214395, language=EN, stringName=Lijun Sun, firstName=Lijun, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124261232009982, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124260934214395, language=CN, stringName=孙立军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124261353644800, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124261525611266, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124261353644800, language=EN, stringName=Ying Wang, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=bSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124261647246083, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124261353644800, language=CN, stringName=王迎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=bSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1162124261768880901, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1162124261932458759, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124261768880901, language=EN, stringName=Jianing Zhou, firstName=Jianing, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1162124262054093576, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994515777970236, authorId=1162124261768880901, language=CN, stringName=周家宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aKey Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Yu Yan , Lei Ni , Lijun Sun , Ying Wang , Jianing Zhou

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    China Can Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Line with the Paris Agreement’s 2 °C Target: Navigating Global Emissions Scenarios, Warming Levels, and Extreme Event Projections
    [Author(id=1208438911124296563, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992728945746675, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xiaoye@cma.gov.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438911220765565, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992728945746675, authorId=1208438911124296563, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoye Zhang, firstName=Xiaoye, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, *, address=aHenan University and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Joint Laboratory for Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Neutrality, Zhengzhou 450000, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Monitoring and Assessment Center for Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438911292068737, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992728945746675, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438911401120647, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159992728945746675, authorId=1208438911292068737, language=EN, stringName=Junting Zhong, firstName=Junting, middleName=null, lastName=Zhong, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=aHenan University and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Joint Laboratory for Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Neutrality, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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    Xiaoye Zhang , Junting Zhong , Xiliang Zhang , Da Zhang , Changhong Miao , Deying Wang , Lifeng Guo

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Interactions Among Food Systems, Climate Change, and Air Pollution: A Review
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Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438948599541870, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, orderNo=13, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438948729565304, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, authorId=1208438948599541870, language=CN, stringName=何沛东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Institute of Environment and Ecology, 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International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438949576814750, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, orderNo=15, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438949736198312, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, authorId=1208438949576814750, language=CN, stringName=覃栎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c.College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438949841055918, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, orderNo=16, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438949950107829, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, authorId=1208438949841055918, language=CN, stringName=施丹娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438950050771131, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, orderNo=17, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438951107735764, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, authorId=1208438950050771131, language=CN, stringName=陈鑫磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=d.Institute of Data and Information, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438951288090846, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, orderNo=18, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438951418114280, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, authorId=1208438951288090846, language=CN, stringName=贺克斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, e, address=b.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
    e.State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438951799795947, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, orderNo=19, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qiangzhang@tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438951892070640, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420068147929, authorId=1208438951799795947, language=CN, stringName=张强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=f, address=f.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Chaopeng Hong , Rui Zhong , Mengyao Xu , Peidong He , Huibin Mo , Yue Qin , Danna Shi , Xinlei Chen , Kebin He , Qiang Zhang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Exploring the Impacts of Elevated CO2 on Food Security: Nutrient Assimilation, Plant Growth, and Crop Quality
    [Author(id=1208438919500321066, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dakorafd@tut.ac.za, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438919735202101, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, authorId=1208438919500321066, language=EN, stringName=Felix D. Dakora, firstName=Felix D., middleName=null, lastName=Dakora, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, *, address=aNational Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya 572024, China
    bChemistry Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438919852642617, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438920100106564, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, authorId=1208438919852642617, language=EN, stringName=Huihui Li, firstName=Huihui, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=aNational Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya 572024, China
    cState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438920209158473, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438920372736338, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, authorId=1208438920209158473, language=EN, stringName=Jun Zhao, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=Zhao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, d, address=aNational Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya 572024, China
    dBiotechnology Research Institute, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438921060602224, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dakorafd@tut.ac.za, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438921203208569, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, authorId=1208438921060602224, language=CN, stringName=Felix D. Dakora, firstName=Felix D., middleName=null, lastName=Dakora, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a.National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya 572024, China
    b.Chemistry Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438921282900350, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438921429700999, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, authorId=1208438921282900350, language=CN, stringName=李慧慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=a.National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya 572024, China
    c.State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438921559724428, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1208438921723302291, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994420491772635, authorId=1208438921559724428, language=CN, stringName=赵军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, d, address=a.National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya 572024, China
    d.Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Felix D. Dakora , Huihui Li , Jun Zhao

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Revolutionizing Crop Breeding: Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence and Big Data-Driven Intelligent Design
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    bNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
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    bNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
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    Ying Zhang , Guanmin Huang , Yanxin Zhao , Xianju Lu , Yanru Wang , Chuanyu Wang , Xinyu Guo , Chunjiang Zhao

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • research-article
    Astrocytic G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Addiction
    [Author(id=1208438933907755897, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994960718127569, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438934092305277, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994960718127569, authorId=1208438933907755897, language=EN, stringName=Alexander K. Zinsmaier, firstName=Alexander K., middleName=null, lastName=Zinsmaier, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=aDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1208438934197162880, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994960718127569, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208438934356546436, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159994960718127569, authorId=1208438934197162880, language=EN, stringName=Eric J. 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Zinsmaier , Eric J. Nestler , Yan Dong

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.